A pressing task for future energy systems is the design and operation of systems that integrate large shares of renewable energy while improving overall system efficiency. Because buildings consume about 32 % of the total global final energy use, they are of vital importance. In recent years, technical and socio-economic studies, as well as hands-on experience, have concluded that the integration and participation of consumer are crucial for smart energy systems. To reach challenging climate goals, individual consumer, social environment, physical environment, digital realities and economical conditions must be considered and integrated in successful solutions and business models. However, a holistic discussion of all these elements is scarce. This paper presents a comprehensive review of necessary steps and obstacles during the development and implementation of user centric business models, including a detailed discussion of required data and computational methods as well as psychological aspects of consumer participation. In addition, we aim to identify current challenges and future research needs.

未来能源系统的紧迫任务是设计和运行集成大量可再生能源同时提高整体系统效率的系统。因为建筑物消耗了全球最终能源使用总量的32％，所以它们至关重要。近年来，技术和社会经济研究以及实践经验得出的结论是，消费者的整合和参与对于智能能源系统至关重要。为了实现富有挑战性的气候目标，必须考虑个人消费者，社会环境，自然环境，数字现实和经济状况，并将其整合到成功的解决方案和商业模型中。但是，很少对所有这些要素进行全面讨论。本文对以用户为中心的业务模型的开发和实施过程中的必要步骤和障碍进行了全面的回顾，包括对所需数据和计算方法以及消费者参与心理方面的详细讨论。此外，我们旨在确定当前的挑战和未来的研究需求。