Leishmaniasis is a vector-born disease, caused by Leishmania genus protozoan parasites. Inoculation by infected Phlebotamine sandflies results in asymptomatic infection or a diverse range of clinical manifestations. Leishmaniasis can present with tegumentary lesions or visceral disease with parasite dissemination and high mortality [1]. The spectrum of tegumentary disease includes simple-cutaneous, diffuse, disseminated and mucocutaneous lesions. Around 20 of more than 50 described Leishmania species cause this spectrum of human disease [2]. However, the link between parasite diversity and disease outcome remains incompletely understood because of host and environmental modifiers influencing evolutionary fitness.

中文翻译：

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利什曼病：由跨越不同生命周期的进化压力形成的一系列疾病

利什曼病是一种媒介传播疾病，由利什曼原虫属原生动物寄生虫引起。被感染的白蛉接种会导致无症状感染或多种临床表现。利什曼病可表现为外皮损伤或内脏疾病，伴有寄生虫传播和高死亡率[1]。皮肤病的谱系包括单纯性皮肤、弥漫性、播散性和皮肤黏膜病变。在 50 多种已描述的利什曼原虫中，大约有 20种会导致这种人类疾病谱 [2]。然而，由于宿主和环境修饰物影响进化适应性，寄生虫多样性与疾病结果之间的联系仍然不完全清楚。