In this present contribution, an attempt has been taken to design and analyze the performance of elephant herding optimization (EHO) based controller for load frequency control (LFC) applications of interconnected power system. The studied system is a two‐area nonreheat thermal interconnected system which is widely used in literature. A proportional‐integral‐differential controller is utilized for LFC of the studied system. EHO technique is applied to obtain the tuned set of controller parameters. The objectives considered for design of the controller are the minimization of settling times and integral‐time‐multiplied‐absolute‐error of frequency deviations (FDs) and tie‐line power deviation (TPD). The design objectives are integrated together to form a function with single objective by assigning equal weights after normalization. Several test cases of diverse set of disturbances are taken into account to test the performance of the proposed controller and the obtained results are compared with other controllers designed with differential evolution, gray wolf optimization, particle swarm optimization, teacher‐learner‐based optimization, and whale optimization algorithm. Furthermore, the time‐domain simulations of FDs and TPD are illustrated to support the tabulated results. In addition, comparative statistical analysis is presented to validate the robust behavior of the proposed controller.

中文翻译：

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基于象群优化的热电联产负荷频率控制控制器的设计与性能分析

在本贡献中，已尝试设计和分析基于象群优化（EHO）的控制器的性能，该控制器用于互连电力系统的负载频率控制（LFC）应用。研究的系统是两区域非再热热互连系统，在文献中被广泛使用。比例积分微分控制器用于所研究系统的LFC。应用EHO技术获得调整后的控制器参数集。控制器设计所考虑的目标是最小化建立时间以及频率偏差（FDs）和联络线功率偏差（TPD）的积分时间乘以绝对误差。通过归一化后分配相等的权重，将设计目标集成在一起以形成具有单个目标的功能。考虑了几种不同干扰集的测试案例，以测试所提出控制器的性能，并将获得的结果与其他设计的控制器进行比较，这些控制器具有差分进化，灰狼优化，粒子群优化，基于教师学习器的优化以及鲸优化算法。此外，说明了FD和TPD的时域仿真以支持列表结果。此外，提出了比较统计分析以验证所提出控制器的鲁棒行为。基于教师-学习者的优化和鲸鱼优化算法。此外，说明了FD和TPD的时域仿真以支持列表结果。此外，提出了比较统计分析以验证所提出控制器的鲁棒行为。基于教师-学习者的优化和鲸鱼优化算法。此外，说明了FD和TPD的时域仿真以支持列表结果。此外，提出了比较统计分析以验证所提出控制器的鲁棒行为。