Ocean warming and acidification caused by global climate change interferes with the shell growth of mollusks. In abalone Haliotis discus hannai, the microstructural changes in the shell under stress are unclear, and the effect of thermal stress on biomineralization is unknown. The lack of gene information has also hampered the study of abalone biomineralization mechanisms. In this study, the microstructure of reconstructed shell in H. discus hannai was observed to determine the effects of thermal and acidification stress on shell growth. Three nacre protein genes, Hdh-AP7, Hdh-AP24, and Hdh-perlustrin, were characterized, and their expression pattern during shell repair was measured under thermal and acidification stress and compared with those of two known biomineralization-related genes, Hdh-AP-1 and Hdh-defensin. The stress resulted in aragonite plates with corroded or irregular microstructures. The gene expression of two nacre proteins (Hdh-AP7 and Hdh-AP24), which directly induce crystal formation, were more sensitive to thermal stress than to acidification, but the expression of the regulatory nacre protein (Hdh-perlustrin) and the two known genes (Hdh-AP-1 and Hdh-defensin), which are also related to immunity, showed an interlinked, complex pattern change. We concluded that high temperature and acidification damages the shell microstructure by disturbing the expression pattern of biomineralization-related genes.

全球气候变化引起的海洋变暖和酸化干扰了软体动物壳的生长。在鲍鱼Halotis discus hannai中，在应力作用下壳的微结构变化尚不清楚，并且热应力对生物矿化的影响尚不清楚。基因信息的缺乏也阻碍了鲍鱼生物矿化机制的研究。在这项研究中，观察到H.discus hannai的壳的微观结构，以确定热和酸化应力对壳生长的影响。三种珍珠质蛋白基因Hdh-AP7，Hdh-AP24和Hdh-perlustrin进行了表征，并在热和酸化胁迫下测量了它们在壳修复过程中的表达模式，并与两个已知的生物矿化相关基因Hdh-AP-1和Hdh-defensin进行了比较。应力导致文石板具有腐蚀或不规则的微观结构。直接诱导晶体形成的两种珍珠母蛋白（Hdh-AP7和Hdh-AP24）的基因表达对热应激比酸化更为敏感，但调节性珍珠母蛋白（Hdh-perlustrin）的表达和这两种已知基因（Hdh-AP-1和Hdh-防御素也与免疫力相关的）表现出相互关联的复杂模式变化。我们得出的结论是，高温和酸化会干扰生物矿化相关基因的表达模式，从而破坏壳的微观结构。