Objective

Describe pathological features on internal and external aspects of the skull of an ancient grey wolf.

Materials

Wolf remains that were found at the southwestern settlement Area A of Gravettian site Pavlov I.

Methods

Visual observation and description; microcomputed tomography; porosity and fragmentation indices for internal and external skull features; histological section of the fourth upper premolar tooth.

Results

Dorsally, the sagittal crest revealed bone healing and remodeling. The sagittal lesion differential diagnosis was blunt trauma with or without fracture. Ventrally, otic region pathology included severe proliferation and lysis (osteomyelitis). The pathology was not resolvable among differential (microbial) causes of osteomyelitis, although other potential etiologies were ruled out.

Conclusions

Probable first report of otic region osteomyelitis in an ancient grey wolf.

Significance

The proximity of the wolf remains to human-related findings, and presence of red ochre and shells, suggest human involvement in the burial.

Limitations

This is a single specimen with differential diagnoses that were not resolvable to a single definitive diagnosis.

Suggestions for Further Research

Further investigation of the possible anthropological significance of the burial circumstances.

中文翻译：

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来自捷克共和国 Gravettian 遗址巴甫洛夫一世的狼：头骨病理学方法。

客观的

描述古代灰狼头骨内部和外部的病理特征。

材料

在 Gravettian 遗址巴甫洛夫 I 的西南定居点 A 区发现的狼遗骸。

方法

目视观察和描述；显微计算机断层扫描；内部和外部颅骨特征的孔隙度和破碎指数；第四颗上前磨牙的组织切片。

结果

背侧，矢状嵴显示骨愈合和重塑。矢状面病变鉴别诊断为钝挫伤伴或不伴骨折。在腹侧，耳部病理包括严重的增殖和溶解（骨髓炎）。尽管排除了其他潜在病因，但病理学在骨髓炎的不同（微生物）原因中无法解决。

结论

可能是古代灰狼耳部骨髓炎的首次报告。

意义

狼与人类相关的发现仍然接近，并且存在红赭石和贝壳，表明人类参与了埋葬。

限制

这是一个具有鉴别诊断的单一标本，无法解析为单一的明确诊断。

进一步研究的建议

进一步调查墓葬环境可能具有的人类学意义。