Abstract A pulse tube refrigerator capable of work recovery operating at liquefied natural gas temperature (∼110K) is developed in this paper. Base on the thermoacoustic theory, an electro-acoustic circuit model is proposed to find the optimum working state, and the axial distributions of the key thermodynamic parameters including pressure, mass flow and phase difference between them, as well as the thermoacoustic energy in the cold finger are quantitatively demonstrated using 1-D dimensional simulation (DeltaEC). The effects of the stepped displacer and the mass-spring assembly in work-recovery phase shifter on the cooling performance and efficiency of the refrigerator are analyzed. A typical prototype with the well-designed work-recovery phase shifter is experimentally investigated at 110 K to verify the simulation results, and the measured relative Carnot efficiency is more than 21%. The rapid cooling ability and the cooling performances at 90 K and 100 K are also investigated experimentally as consideration of the heat transfer temperature drop, which occurs in cooling the liquefied natural gas tank.

中文翻译：

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一种用于天然气液化的功回收脉管制冷机

摘要 本文开发了一种能够在液化天然气温度（~110K）下工作的脉冲管制冷机。基于热声理论，提出了一种电声电路模型来寻找最佳工作状态，以及它们之间的压力、质量流量和相位差等关键热力学参数的轴向分布，以及冷态下的热声能。使用一维维度模拟 (DeltaEC) 对手指进行定量演示。分析了功恢复移相器中阶梯式置换器和质量弹簧组件对冰箱冷却性能和效率的影响。在 110 K 下对具有精心设计的功恢复移相器的典型原型进行了实验研究，以验证模拟结果，测得的相对卡诺效率大于21%。考虑到液化天然气储罐冷却过程中发生的传热温度下降，还对快速冷却能力和 90 K 和 100 K 的冷却性能进行了实验研究。