Abstract To facilitate a single element with the promoted dual sensing and actuation functionality, compared to the conventional individual sensors and actuators, different kinds of piezoelectric structures should be evaluated. Here, finite element method (FEM) simulations together with some aspects of the nanotechnology afforded an opportunity to simplify structure tailoring of the high performance sensor/actuator single element. First, we prepared ultrathin-shell poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) aligned hollow nanofibers. This geometrically confined nanostructure with low dielectric constant of ~3.6, efficiently increased strain, yielded to enlarge the piezoelectric voltage by ~250%, bending actuation by ~38%, and the β-phase content by ~18% when compared to the random solid nanofibers. Second, ~108% increase in sensitivity from 450 mV/N to 940 mV/N and ~21% increase in piezoelectric actuation from 14.8 μm to 18 μm obtained by addition of 0.05 wt% carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to PVDF aligned hollow nanofibers. Taking advantage of this hollow nanocomposite structure, ~45% improvement in crystallinity, ~263% enhancement in elastic modulus and complete removal of the nonpolar α-phase were occurred. The sensor/actuator single element would guarantee the adaptability, interconnectedness, and autonomy of the next generation robots, allow the size, weight, and cost of the system to be re-evaluated.

中文翻译：

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超薄壳 PVDF/CNT 纳米复合材料对齐中空纤维作为传感器/执行器单件

摘要 为了促进具有双重传感和驱动功能的单个元件，与传统的单个传感器和驱动器相比，应评估不同类型的压电结构。在这里，有限元法 (FEM) 模拟与纳米技术的某些方面一起为简化高性能传感器/执行器单元的结构剪裁提供了机会。首先，我们制备了超薄壳聚（偏二氟乙烯）（PVDF）排列的中空纳米纤维。与随机固体相比，这种几何受限的纳米结构具有 ~3.6 的低介电常数，有效地增加了应变，使压电电压增加 ~250%，弯曲驱动增加 ~38%，β 相含量增加 ~18%纳米纤维。第二，通过将 0.05 wt% 的碳纳米管 (CNT) 添加到 PVDF 排列的中空纳米纤维，灵敏度从 450 mV/N 增加到 940 mV/N，压电驱动从 14.8 μm 增加到 18 μm，增加约 21%。利用这种中空纳米复合结构，结晶度提高了约 45%，弹性模量提高了约 263%，并且完全去除了非极性 α 相。传感器/执行器单体将保证下一代机器人的适应性、互连性和自主性，允许重新评估系统的尺寸、重量和成本。发生了约 263% 的弹性模量增强和非极性 α 相的完全去除。传感器/执行器单体将保证下一代机器人的适应性、互连性和自主性，允许重新评估系统的尺寸、重量和成本。发生了约 263% 的弹性模量增强和非极性 α 相的完全去除。传感器/执行器单体将保证下一代机器人的适应性、互连性和自主性，允许重新评估系统的尺寸、重量和成本。