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27-Hydroxycholesterol acts on myeloid immune cells to induce T cell dysfunction, promoting breast cancer progression.
Cancer Letters ( IF 9.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-28 , DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.020
Liqian Ma 1 , Lawrence Wang 2 , Adam T Nelson 1 , Chaeyeon Han 1 , Sisi He 1 , Madeline A Henn 1 , Karan Menon 1 , Joy J Chen 1 , Amy E Baek 1 , Anna Vardanyan 1 , Sayyed Hamed Shahoei 1 , Sunghee Park 3 , David J Shapiro 4 , Som G Nanjappa 5 , Erik R Nelson 6
Affiliation  

Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the US. Elevated cholesterol is a major risk factor for breast cancer onset and recurrence, while cholesterol-lowering drugs, such as statins, are associated with a good prognosis. Previous work in murine models showed that cholesterol increases breast cancer metastasis, and the pro-metastatic effects of cholesterol were due to its primary metabolite, 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC). In our prior work, myeloid cells were found to be required for the pro-metastatic effects of 27HC, but their precise contribution remains unclear. Here we report that 27HC impairs T cell expansion and cytotoxic function through its actions on myeloid cells, including macrophages, in a Liver X receptor (LXR) dependent manner. Many oxysterols and LXR ligands had similar effects on T cell expansion. Moreover, their ability to induce the LXR target gene ABCA1 was associated with their effectiveness in impairing T cell expansion. Induction of T cell apoptosis was likely one mediator of this impairment. Interestingly, the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of 27HC, CYP27A1, is highly expressed in myeloid cells, suggesting that 27HC may have important autocrine or paracrine functions in these cells, a hypothesis supported by our finding that breast cancer metastasis was reduced in mice with a myeloid specific knockout of CYP27A1. Importantly, pharmacologic inhibition of CYP27A1 reduced metastatic growth and improved the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitor, anti-PD-L1. Taken together, our work suggests that targeting the CYP27A1 axis in myeloid cells may present therapeutic benefits and improve the response rate to immune therapies in breast cancer.



中文翻译:

27-羟基胆固醇作用于骨髓免疫细胞,诱导 T 细胞功能障碍,促进乳腺癌进展。

乳腺癌仍然是美国癌症死亡的主要原因之一。胆固醇升高是乳腺癌发病和复发的主要危险因素,而降胆固醇药物(如他汀类药物)与良好的预后相关。先前在小鼠模型中的研究表明,胆固醇会增加乳腺癌的转移,而胆固醇的促转移作用是由于其主要代谢物 27-羟基胆固醇 (27HC)。在我们之前的工作中,发现 27HC 的促转移作用需要骨髓细胞,但它们的确切贡献仍不清楚。在这里我们报告说,27HC 以肝 X 受体 (LXR) 依赖性方式通过其对骨髓细胞(包括巨噬细胞)的作用来损害 T 细胞扩增和细胞毒性功能。许多氧固醇和 LXR 配体对 T 细胞扩增具有相似的影响。此外,它们诱导 LXR 靶基因 ABCA1 的能力与其在削弱 T 细胞扩增方面的有效性有关。T 细胞凋亡的诱导可能是这种损伤的一种介质。有趣的是,负责合成 27HC 的酶 CYP27A1 在骨髓细胞中高度表达,表明 27HC 在这些细胞中可能具有重要的自分泌或旁分泌功能,我们的发现支持了这一假设,即乳腺癌转移减少的小鼠CYP27A1 的髓系特异性敲除。重要的是,CYP27A1 的药理抑制减少了转移性生长并提高了检查点抑制剂的功效,T 细胞凋亡的诱导可能是这种损伤的一种介质。有趣的是,负责合成 27HC 的酶 CYP27A1 在骨髓细胞中高度表达,表明 27HC 在这些细胞中可能具有重要的自分泌或旁分泌功能,我们的发现支持了这一假设,即乳腺癌转移减少的小鼠CYP27A1 的髓系特异性敲除。重要的是,CYP27A1 的药理抑制减少了转移性生长并提高了检查点抑制剂的功效,T 细胞凋亡的诱导可能是这种损伤的一种介质。有趣的是,负责合成 27HC 的酶 CYP27A1 在骨髓细胞中高度表达,表明 27HC 在这些细胞中可能具有重要的自分泌或旁分泌功能,我们的发现支持了这一假设,即乳腺癌转移减少的小鼠CYP27A1 的髓系特异性敲除。重要的是,CYP27A1 的药理抑制减少了转移性生长并提高了检查点抑制剂的功效,我们的发现支持了一个假设,即在骨髓特异性敲除 CYP27A1 的小鼠中,乳腺癌转移减少。重要的是,CYP27A1 的药理抑制减少了转移性生长并提高了检查点抑制剂的功效,我们的发现支持了一个假设,即在骨髓特异性敲除 CYP27A1 的小鼠中,乳腺癌转移减少。重要的是,CYP27A1 的药理抑制减少了转移性生长并提高了检查点抑制剂的功效,-PD-L1。总之,我们的工作表明,靶向骨髓细胞中的 CYP27A1 轴可能会带来治疗益处并提高对乳腺癌免疫疗法的反应率。

更新日期:2020-08-28
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