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Plant diseases in afforested crop-livestock systems in Brazil
Agricultural Systems ( IF 6.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102935
Alexandre Dinnys Roese , Erica Camila Zielinski , Louise Larissa May De Mio

Abstract Integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) include diversified agricultural practices, like crops and animals grazing in the same area and frequently with afforestation. A return to these practices has been proposed in recent years, aiming to reach some benefits that may include a reduction in plant diseases, one of the main constraints in Brazilian crops. However, these benefits rely mainly on the resilience and the self-regulating capacity of the systems, and practical examples of the influence of ICLS on plant diseases are still scarce. The objective of the present work is to show how ICLS arrangements can reduce plant diseases. We carried out a four years investigation on soybean and corn diseases in agropastoral (AP) and agrosilvopastoral (ASP) systems, compared to a non-integrated control (CO), in a long-term field experiment established in 2006 in the region of Campos Gerais, Parana state, Brazil. The tree component of the ASP system was eucalyptus and silver oak. Soybean and corn were cultivated alternately as summer crops, and the natural occurrence of diseases evaluated from 2012 to 2015 sowings. Results show that the agricultural diversification promoted by ICLS can reduce foliar diseases intensity, and the ASP system showed the best results. The rust severity was 28.2 and 34.2% in ASP and AP systems in 2012, and 8.5 and 12.4% in ASP and AP in 2014. White-spot severity was 1.6, 2.2, and 3.1% in ASP, AP, and CO systems in 2013, and 0.6, 1.3, and 1.3% in ASP, AP, and CO in 2015. Other diseases, like downy-mildew on soybean and gray-leaf-spot on corn, were also less severe in ASP compared to other systems. Micrometeorological variables recorded inside soybean and corn canopy contributed to understanding the influence of ICLS arrangements on plant diseases, allowing concluding that microclimate is the main drive influencing disease reduction in the aerial part of crops in ICLS. The ICLS, mainly the agrosilvopastoral system, pose as a less diseases susceptible and consequently an environmentally friendly system. Knowing the requirements of the pathogens of a crop species is fundamental in planning a production system, avoiding or minimizing risks. The influence of trees on plant diseases of afforested production systems is discussed.

中文翻译:

巴西造林作物-牲畜系统中的植物病害

摘要 综合作物畜牧系统(ICLS)包括多样化的农业实践,如作物和动物在同一地区放牧并经常植树造林。近年来,有人提议恢复这些做法,旨在获得一些好处,其中可能包括减少植物病害,这是巴西作物的主要制约因素之一。然而,这些好处主要依赖于系统的弹性和自我调节能力,而 ICLS 对植物病害影响的实际例子仍然很少。目前工作的目的是展示 ICLS 安排如何减少植物病害。与非综合控制 (CO) 相比,我们对农牧 (AP) 和农林牧 (ASP) 系统中的大豆和玉米病害进行了四年调查,在 2006 年在巴西巴拉那州坎波斯吉拉斯地区建立的长期田间试验中。ASP 系统的树成分是桉树和银橡树。大豆和玉米作为夏季作物交替种植,并评估了 2012 年至 2015 年播种的自然发生的病害。结果表明,ICLS促进的农业多样化可以降低叶面病害强度,ASP系统的效果最好。2012 年 ASP 和 AP 系统的锈蚀严重程度分别为 28.2% 和 34.2%,2014 年 ASP 和 AP 的锈蚀严重程度分别为 8.5% 和 12.4%。 2013 年 ASP、AP 和 CO 系统的白点严重程度分别为 1.6、2.2 和 3.1% 2015 年 ASP、AP 和 CO 分别为 0.6、1.3 和 1.3%。与其他系统相比,其他病害,如大豆霜霉病和玉米灰斑病,ASP 的严重程度也较低。记录在大豆和玉米冠层内的微气象变量有助于了解 ICLS 布置对植物病害的影响,从而得出结论,微气候是影响 ICLS 作物地上部分病害减少的主要驱动力。ICLS,主要是农林牧系统,是一种不易受疾病影响的系统,因此是一个环境友好型系统。了解作物物种病原体的要求是规划生产系统、避免或最小化风险的基础。讨论了树木对造林生产系统植物病害的影响。允许得出结论,小气候是影响 ICLS 作物地上部分疾病减少的主要驱动力。ICLS,主要是农林牧系统,是一种不易受疾病影响的系统,因此是一个环境友好型系统。了解作物物种病原体的要求是规划生产系统、避免或最小化风险的基础。讨论了树木对造林生产系统植物病害的影响。允许得出结论,小气候是影响 ICLS 作物地上部分疾病减少的主要驱动力。ICLS,主要是农林牧系统,是一种不易受疾病影响的系统,因此是一个环境友好型系统。了解作物物种病原体的要求是规划生产系统、避免或最小化风险的基础。讨论了树木对造林生产系统植物病害的影响。
更新日期:2020-11-01
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