A spallation target is one of the key components of the accelerator driven system. A liquid metal windowless target is an advanced type of a spallation target and has great application prospects. In this study, the free surface flow behavior and development in a scaled-down liquid metal windowless target are investigated in experiments and simulations. The experiments are carried out based on a liquid gallium experimental loop. The CFD simulations are performed based on a three-dimensional target model by using ANSYS CFX. The main working parameters of the target are measured through experiments and then set as the boundary conditions for simulations. The simulated values of the free surface height are in good agreement with the experimental data. The free surface height gradually decreases with an increase in the inlet flow rate and with a decrease in the outlet pressure. The simulation results reveal that a flow stagnation zone presenting large eddies and a reverse flow are formed below the outlet of the inner tube.

中文翻译：

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液态金属无窗靶中自由表面流动行为和发展的实验和 CFD 模拟研究

散裂靶是加速器驱动系统的关键部件之一。液态金属无窗靶是一种先进的散裂靶，应用前景广阔。在这项研究中，在实验和模拟中研究了按比例缩小的液态金属无窗目标的自由表面流动行为和发展。实验是基于液态镓实验回路进行的。CFD 仿真是使用 ANSYS CFX 基于三维目标模型进行的。通过实验测量靶材的主要工作参数，作为仿真的边界条件。自由表面高度的模拟值与实验数据吻合良好。自由表面高度随着入口流量的增加和出口压力的降低而逐渐减小。模拟结果表明，在内管出口下方形成了一个呈现大涡流和逆流的滞流区。