The fission of solitary waves propagating over variable topography is investigated. In previous theories, to predict the number and the amplitudes of disintegrated solitons in the wave packet generated from a solitary wave, the parameters of the water environment and the incident solitary wave are required. However, it is difficult to measure these parameters in the ocean because of their temporal and spatial variations. In this paper, a fission law, in the form of the expressions of the number and the amplitudes of the disintegrated solitons, is derived from the partial information available on the wave packet. Theoretical analysis shows that the law is suitable for describing the fission of both surface and internal solitary waves and is also applicable to the cases of wave damping and wave breaking. Comparisons between the model output and the results from laboratory experiments, numerical simulations and field observations available in the literature demonstrate that the fission law can efficiently estimate the number and the amplitudes of solitons in the wave packet generated by a solitary wave.

中文翻译：

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在急剧变化的地形上传播的孤波的裂变定律

研究了在可变地形上传播的孤波的裂变。在先前的理论中，要预测由孤立波产生的波包中分解孤子的数量和幅度，需要水环境和入射孤立波的参数。然而，由于它们在时间和空间上的变化，很难在海洋中测量这些参数。本文从裂变孤子的数量和振幅的表达形式出发，从波包中可获得的部分信息中得出了裂变定律。理论分析表明，该定律适用于描述表面孤立波和内部孤立波的裂变，也适用于阻尼波和破裂波的情况。