Horned Screamers, Club-winged Manakins, and Bicolored Antbirds evoke specific memories to those who have seen these species and a great deal of wonderment to those who have not. These species, and thousands more, reside in the Neotropical realm with its deserts and rainforests, mangroves and scrublands, and steep elevational gradients, ranging from sea level to the high peaks of the Andes. The Neotropics are notable for the extremely diverse avifauna: well over 4,000 bird species have been recorded, making it the most speciose region in the world (Figure 1). Many of us live in temperate regions where the standard is that migrant birds arrive each year from the tropics, males sing and set up territories to attract females, fledglings happen, and then it’s time to migrate south. Neotropical birds, with their wide diversity of foraging, mating, migration, and parental care behaviors, as well as morphology and interspecific interactions, have broadened our understanding of the various ways that birds achieve the goals of survival and reproduction. They have also increased our knowledge about potential responses to anthropogenic threats like habitat fragmentation and climate change.

中文翻译：

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新热带鸟类学的进展：一项特殊功能

有角的尖叫声，有俱乐部的翅膀的Manakins和双色的Antbirds给那些看过这些物种的人留下了特殊的回忆，而给那些没有看到这些物种的人带来了很大的惊奇。这些物种以及成千上万的物种生活在新热带地区，其沙漠，雨林，红树林和灌木丛以及陡峭的海拔梯度（从海平面到安第斯山脉的高峰）不等。新热带以其极其多样的航空动物群而著称：已记录了4,000多种鸟类，使其成为世界上最特殊的地区（图1）。我们中的许多人生活在温带地区，其标准是每年从热带地区迁徙的鸟类都会到这里来，雄性唱歌并建立领地以吸引雌性，然后出现雏鸟，然后是时候向南迁徙了。新热带鸟类，具有广泛的觅食，交配，迁徙，父母照料行为以及形态和种间相互作用，使我们对鸟类实现生存和繁殖目标的各种方式有了更广泛的了解。他们还增加了我们对诸如栖息地破碎和气候变化等人为威胁的潜在应对措施的了解。