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Analysis of the diversity of the AvBD gene region in Japanese quail
Journal of Heredity ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esaa035
Taichiro Ishige 1 , Hiromi Hara 2 , Takashi Hirano 2 , Tomohiro Kono 3 , Kei Hanzawa 2
Affiliation  

The avian β-defensin (AvBD) gene region is an important component of the innate immune system, encoding a variety of antimicrobial peptides. The AvBD region forms a multigene cluster in a specific chromosomal region. Comparison of the AvBD region among various birds suggests the presence of defects, duplications, and pseudogenization at many loci. The AvBD region in certain galliform birds, namely chicken, turkey, and bobwhite quail, includes AvBD3, -6, and -7, with the latter exhibiting copy number variants (CNVs) in chickens. DNA for genomic analysis was extracted from the peripheral blood of 99 randomly selected quail (Coturnix japonica) from six inbred lines. Nine CjAvBD1 and eight CjAvBD12 alleles were detected. Ten haplotypes, including three that were strain specific, were found in alleles from the quail AvBD1 (CjAvBD1) and -12 (CjAvBD12) loci. Next-generation sequencing was used to determine the nucleotide sequences of the CjAvBD gene region (56 to 70 kb) for seven homozygous diplotypes of these 10 haplotypes. These seven haplotypes contained between 12 and 16 CjAvBD genes and were composed of 11 common loci: CjAvBD1, -2, -4, -5, -8, -9, -10, -11, -12, -13, and -14, but lacked CjAvBD3 and -7. Furthermore, up to five CjAvBD101 (AvBD6 ortholog) CNVs were observed among the seven haplotypes. In addition, we detected amino acid substitutions causing net charge mutations that could affect antimicrobial activity in CjAvBD4, -13, -14, and -101. These results suggest that the CjAvBD region is unique among the Galliformes and that its diversity results in potential functional variation in innate immunity.

中文翻译:

日本鹌鹑AvBD基因区的多样性分析

禽类β-防御素(AvBD)基因区域是先天免疫系统的重要组成部分,编码多种抗菌肽。AvBD 区域在特定染色体区域形成多基因簇。不同鸟类之间 AvBD 区域的比较表明在许多位点存在缺陷、重复和假基因化。某些鸡形鸟类(即鸡、火鸡和白鹌鹑)的 AvBD 区域包括 AvBD3、-6 和 -7,后者在鸡中表现出拷贝数变异 (CNV)。从 6 个自交系中随机选择的 99 只鹌鹑 (Coturnix japonica) 的外周血中提取用于基因组分析的 DNA。检测到九个 CjAvBD1 和八个 CjAvBD12 等位基因。十个单倍型,其中三个是菌株特异性的,在鹌鹑 AvBD1 (CjAvBD1) 和 -12 (CjAvBD12) 基因座的等位基因中发现。下一代测序用于确定这 10 个单倍型的 7 个纯合二倍体的 CjAvBD 基因区域(56 至 70 kb)的核苷酸序列。这七个单倍型包含 12 到 16 个 CjAvBD 基因,由 11 个常见基因座组成:CjAvBD1、-2、-4、-5、-8、-9、-10、-11、-12、-13 和 -14 ,但缺少 CjAvBD3 和 -7。此外,在七个单倍型中观察到多达五个 CjAvBD101(AvBD6 ortholog)CNV。此外,我们检测到导致净电荷突变的氨基酸替换,这些突变可能影响 CjAvBD4、-13、-14 和 -101 的抗菌活性。这些结果表明 CjAvBD 区域在鸡形目中是独一无二的,其多样性导致先天免疫的潜在功能变异。下一代测序用于确定这 10 个单倍型的 7 个纯合二倍体的 CjAvBD 基因区域(56 至 70 kb)的核苷酸序列。这七个单倍型包含 12 到 16 个 CjAvBD 基因,由 11 个常见基因座组成:CjAvBD1、-2、-4、-5、-8、-9、-10、-11、-12、-13 和 -14 ,但缺少 CjAvBD3 和 -7。此外,在七个单倍型中观察到多达五个 CjAvBD101(AvBD6 ortholog)CNV。此外,我们检测到导致净电荷突变的氨基酸替换,这些突变可能影响 CjAvBD4、-13、-14 和 -101 的抗菌活性。这些结果表明 CjAvBD 区域在鸡形目中是独一无二的,其多样性导致先天免疫的潜在功能变异。下一代测序用于确定这 10 个单倍型的 7 个纯合二倍体的 CjAvBD 基因区域(56 至 70 kb)的核苷酸序列。这七个单倍型包含 12 到 16 个 CjAvBD 基因,由 11 个常见基因座组成:CjAvBD1、-2、-4、-5、-8、-9、-10、-11、-12、-13 和 -14 ,但缺少 CjAvBD3 和 -7。此外,在七个单倍型中观察到多达五个 CjAvBD101(AvBD6 ortholog)CNV。此外,我们检测到导致净电荷突变的氨基酸替换,这些突变可能影响 CjAvBD4、-13、-14 和 -101 的抗菌活性。这些结果表明 CjAvBD 区域在鸡形目中是独一无二的,其多样性导致先天免疫的潜在功能变异。
更新日期:2020-07-01
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