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Automatic silage maize detection based on phenological rules using Sentinel-2 time-series dataset
International Journal of Remote Sensing ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 , DOI: 10.1080/01431161.2020.1779377
Hamid Salehi Shahrabi 1, 2 , Davoud Ashourloo 2 , Amir Moeini Rad 1 , Hossein Aghighi 2 , Mohsen Azadbakht 2 , Hamed Nematollahi 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT Recently, availability of valuable high spatial and temporal resolution optical satellite imagery such as Sentinel-2 has provided a great opportunity for a wide variety of crop-related studies including crop phenology detection, crop biophysical and biochemical parameter estimation, and crop-type mapping. Most current crop mapping methods focus on supervised classification, demanding a large number of field sampling points to feed the classifier. In this paper, we propose an automatic method for silage maize mapping based on Sentinel-2 time-series data in three agricultural areas in Iran (namely Marvdasht, Abyek, and Mashhad) and an individual area in USA (Tulare County, California). We considered Marvdasht as the training site and other three sites as the test sites. After the preprocessing step, temporal profiles of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were computed from Sentinel-2 time-series images in 2017 and 2018. Then, the Savitzky–Golay filter was applied to the NDVI profile for noise reduction. Linear interpolation was also used for the construction of continuous NDVI time-series during the maize growing season. Then, phenological parameters were extracted in Marvdasht, for maize and other crops. After comprehensive analyses, the ratio of the slope from the peak of the greenness to the harvest (SPGH) to the length of the growing season (LOS) was suggested as an appropriate variable for automatic maize detection. Evaluation of this variable in the study sites confirmed its feasibility for automatic maize mapping, with the kappa coefficient values of 0.89, 0.8, 0.9, and 0.8 in Abyek, Marvdasht, Mashhad, and Tulare in 2017, respectively. The performance of the suggested method for the second year (2018) is close to those of 2017 which means that maize detection algorithm results are consistent and robust across years. Moreover, to ascertain high potential of the proposed variable, the results were compared with those of the maximum likelihood (ML) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers in the test sites. The performance of SVM (with a large number of training samples) was analogous to that of the suggested automatic method in terms of accuracy; however, inferior performance of ML was evident. The results of this research demonstrated the great potential of our proposed phenological method in automatic silage maize mapping.

中文翻译:

使用 Sentinel-2 时间序列数据集基于物候规则自动检测青贮玉米

摘要最近,有价值的高时空分辨率光学卫星图像(如 Sentinel-2)的可用性为各种与作物相关的研究提供了绝佳机会,包括作物物候检测、作物生物物理和生化参数估计以及作物类型制图. 大多数当前的作物制图方法都侧重于监督分类,需要大量的田间采样点来为分类器提供数据。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于伊朗三个农业地区(即 Marvdasht、Abyek 和马什哈德)和美国(加利福尼亚州图莱里县)的单个地区的 Sentinel-2 时间序列数据的青贮玉米制图自动方法。我们将 Marvdasht 作为培训站点,其他三个站点作为测试站点。在预处理步骤之后,从 2017 年和 2018 年的 Sentinel-2 时间序列图像计算归一化差异植被指数 (NDVI) 的时间分布。然后,将 Savitzky-Golay 滤波器应用于 NDVI 分布以进行降噪。线性插值还用于构建玉米生长季节的连续 NDVI 时间序列。然后,在 Marvdasht 中提取玉米和其他作物的物候参数。经过综合分析,建议将绿化高峰到收获的坡度(SPGH)与生长季节长度(LOS)的比值作为玉米自动检测的合适变量。在研究地点对该变量的评估证实了其自动玉米制图的可行性,在 Abyek、Marvdasht、Mashhad 的 kappa 系数值为 0.89、0.8、0.9 和 0.8,和 Tulare 分别在 2017 年。第二年(2018 年)建议方法的性能与 2017 年接近,这意味着玉米检测算法结果在各年间是一致且稳健的。此外,为了确定所提出变量的高潜力,将结果与测试站点中的最大似然 (ML) 和支持向量机 (SVM) 分类器的结果进行了比较。SVM(具有大量训练样本)的性能在准确性方面类似于建议的自动方法;然而,ML 的性能较差是显而易见的。这项研究的结果证明了我们提出的物候学方法在自动青贮玉米制图方面的巨大潜力。第二年(2018 年)建议方法的性能与 2017 年接近,这意味着玉米检测算法结果在各年间是一致且稳健的。此外,为了确定所提出变量的高潜力,将结果与测试站点中的最大似然 (ML) 和支持向量机 (SVM) 分类器的结果进行了比较。SVM(具有大量训练样本)的性能在准确性方面类似于建议的自动方法;然而,ML 的性能较差是显而易见的。这项研究的结果证明了我们提出的物候学方法在自动青贮玉米制图方面的巨大潜力。第二年(2018 年)建议方法的性能与 2017 年接近,这意味着玉米检测算法结果在各年间是一致且稳健的。此外,为了确定所提出变量的高潜力,将结果与测试站点中的最大似然 (ML) 和支持向量机 (SVM) 分类器的结果进行了比较。SVM(具有大量训练样本)的性能在准确性方面类似于建议的自动方法;然而,ML 的性能较差是显而易见的。这项研究的结果证明了我们提出的物候学方法在自动青贮玉米制图方面的巨大潜力。将结果与测试站点中的最大似然 (ML) 和支持向量机 (SVM) 分类器的结果进行比较。SVM(具有大量训练样本)的性能在准确性方面类似于建议的自动方法;然而,ML 的性能较差是显而易见的。这项研究的结果证明了我们提出的物候学方法在自动青贮玉米制图方面的巨大潜力。将结果与测试站点中的最大似然 (ML) 和支持向量机 (SVM) 分类器的结果进行比较。SVM(具有大量训练样本)的性能在准确性方面类似于建议的自动方法;然而,ML 的性能较差是显而易见的。这项研究的结果证明了我们提出的物候学方法在自动青贮玉米制图方面的巨大潜力。
更新日期:2020-08-26
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