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Can CO2 sequestration in basalt efficiently reduce greenhouse gas emission?
Environmental Technology ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-09 , DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1815859
Michael O Schwartz 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

The research on the Columbia River Basalt is a unique combination of projects that minimise CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. Both are underground waste disposal projects: CO2 waste versus nuclear waste. The recent Wallula CO2 project and the previous nuclear-waste project in the Columbia River Basalt (CRB), USA, provide the database for a high-capacity CO2 sequestration model. Due to geomechanical constraints, the injection rate of CO2 sequestration must be limited in order not to jeopardise the integrity of the reservoir and cap rock. The interbed in the continental flood basalt tested in the Wallula project only allows injection at a rate in the range of 9–19 kg CO2/s, depending on permeability (4 × 10−14–10−13 m2) and porosity (0.1–0.15). At the end of a 50-year injection period, the fraction of CO2 converted to carbonate minerals is 37.1–67.1%. Underground space for waste disposal is a rare asset. The Columbia River Basalt occupies an area of 200,000 km2. Fifty years of CO2 sequestration from a single well would require about the same fraction of the area as that of a nuclear waste repository (0.025%). The repository design is for a capacity of 70,000 MTHM (metric tons heavy metal). If all the waste is spent nuclear fuel, it originates from 1.2 × 104–8.4 × 104 TWh electric power production, depending on reactor type. The CO2 injection well operating at maximum capacity (19 kg CO2/s) represents 50 TWh generated in a gas power station minus the energy consumed for CO2 separation, i.e. less than 0.4% of the nuclear option.



中文翻译:

玄武岩中的二氧化碳封存能否有效减少温室气体排放?

摘要

对哥伦比亚河玄武岩的研究是一个独特的项目组合,可最大限度地减少向大气排放的CO 2 。两者都是地下废物处理项目:CO 2废物与核废物。最近的 Wallula CO 2项目和之前在美国哥伦比亚河玄武岩 (CRB) 的核废料项目为高容量 CO 2封存模型提供了数据库。由于地质力学限制,必须限制 CO 2封存的注入速率,以免危及储层和盖层的完整性。在 Wallula 项目中测试的大陆洪水玄武岩中的夹层仅允许以 9-19 kg CO 2范围内的速率注入/s,取决于渗透率 (4 × 10 -14 –10 -13  m 2 ) 和孔隙度 (0.1–0.15)。在 50 年注入期结束时,CO 2转化为碳酸盐矿物的比例为 37.1-67.1%。用于废物处理的地下空间是一种稀有资产。哥伦比亚河玄武岩占地200,000 km 2。从一口井中封存50 年的 CO 2所需的面积与核废料储存库的面积(0.025%)大致相同。储存库设计的容量为 70,000 MTHM(公吨重金属)。如果所有废物都是乏核燃料,它来自 1.2 × 10 4 –8.4 × 10 4 TWh 发电量,取决于反应堆类型。以最大容量(19 kg CO 2 /s)运行的 CO 2注入井代表燃气发电站产生的 50 TWh 减去 CO 2分离所消耗的能量,即不到核选项的 0.4%。

更新日期:2020-09-09
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