Abstract

Worldwide occurrence of cancer has initiated a global effort for the development and production of various anticancer drugs. Unfortunately, high potential toxicity and mutagenic and carcinogenic side effects have been reported for most of the anticancer drugs, which cause many problems for the patient even at a slight dosage. Considering this, thanks to their outstanding features such as high sensitivity, selectivity, and cheapness, electrochemical methods have received much attention in the development of quick, precise, and reliable (bio) sensors for the monitoring of anticancer drugs and cancer biomarkers. Here, procedures and approaches presented for the development of modified electrodes based on nanomaterials employed for the anticancer drugs and cancer biomarkers sensing are reviewed. The analytical performance of the constructed electrodes including physical and electrochemical properties together with their figures of merits is highlighted. Nanomaterials offer excellent features for anticancer drugs. They improve multi-drug resistance, site-specificity and enhance efficient delivery. The premature degradation, preventing interaction with biological systems, absorption of the drugs into the selected tissues, controlling of the pharmacokinetic properties and skipping distribution profile can be performed with nanomaterials. In this review, detailed features of nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery systems will be presented together with the application of nanomaterials in electrochemical sensors.

摘要

癌症在全球范围内的发生引发了全球开发和生产各种抗癌药物的努力。不幸的是，据报道，大多数抗癌药物具有高潜在毒性以及致突变和致癌的副作用，即使在很小的剂量下也会给患者带来许多问题。考虑到这一点，由于其高灵敏度、选择性和廉价等突出特点，电化学方法在开发用于监测抗癌药物和癌症生物标志物的快速、精确和可靠的（生物）传感器方面受到了广泛关注。本文回顾了基于纳米材料用于抗癌药物和癌症生物标志物传感的修饰电极开发的程序和方法。强调了所构建电极的分析性能，包括物理和电化学特性以及它们的品质因数。纳米材料为抗癌药物提供了优异的特性。它们提高了多药耐药性、位点特异性并增强了有效递送。可以用纳米材料进行过早降解、防止与生物系统的相互作用、药物吸收到选定的组织中、控制药代动力学特性和跳过分布曲线。在这篇综述中，将介绍纳米材料在抗癌药物递送系统中的详细特性以及纳米材料在电化学传感器中的应用。纳米材料为抗癌药物提供了优异的特性。它们提高了多药耐药性、位点特异性并增强了有效递送。过早降解、防止与生物系统的相互作用、药物吸收到选定的组织中、控制药代动力学特性和跳过分布曲线都可以用纳米材料进行。在这篇综述中，将介绍纳米材料在抗癌药物递送系统中的详细特性以及纳米材料在电化学传感器中的应用。纳米材料为抗癌药物提供了优异的特性。它们提高了多药耐药性、位点特异性并增强了有效递送。过早降解、防止与生物系统的相互作用、药物吸收到选定的组织中、控制药代动力学特性和跳过分布曲线都可以用纳米材料进行。在这篇综述中，将介绍纳米材料在抗癌药物递送系统中的详细特性以及纳米材料在电化学传感器中的应用。可以用纳米材料控制药代动力学特性和跳跃分布曲线。在这篇综述中，将介绍纳米材料在抗癌药物递送系统中的详细特性以及纳米材料在电化学传感器中的应用。可以用纳米材料控制药代动力学特性和跳跃分布曲线。在这篇综述中，将介绍纳米材料在抗癌药物递送系统中的详细特性以及纳米材料在电化学传感器中的应用。