Longevity is a complex process controlled by both environmental and genetic factors. We evaluated the association of four cytokine gene polymorphisms with longevity in an Italian cohort. A sample of 1019 subjects aged 10 to 100 and belonging to the North‐Italian population was genotyped for IL‐6 (G>C, rs1800796), IL‐10‐1082 (G>A, rs1800896), TNF‐α‐308 (G>A, rs1800629), and TGFβ1 codon 10 (T>C, rs1800471) gene polymorphisms. The association between cytokine gene polymorphisms and longevity was evaluated by dividing the sample into four age groups: 10 to 24, 25 to 49, 50 to 85, and 86 to 100. We observed a significant decrease in the frequency of IL‐10 A allele in the 25 to 49 (P = 1.1 × 10⁻³), 50 to 85 (P < 1 × 10⁻⁴), and 86 to 100 (P = 2 × 10⁻³) age groups compared to that in the youngest age group. Similarly, we found a significant decrease (P < 1 × 10⁻⁴) in the frequency of TGFβ1 C allele in the 50 to 85 and 86 to 100 age groups compared to that in the 10 to 24 and 25 to 49 age groups. Previously, high levels of TGFβ1 were detected in elderly subjects, suggesting that this cytokine could counterbalance the harmful effects of inflammation. Similarly, IL‐10 has strong anti‐inflammatory properties and can inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines. In the literature, the lowest levels of functional cytokines were found to be associated with TGFβ1 (T>C) and IL‐10 (G>A) gene polymorphisms, with consequent increase in the duration of inflammation and cancer risk. For these reasons, it is plausible to observe low rates of these mutations in elderly subjects, as found in our study.

中文翻译：

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意大利人群中 TGFβ1 密码子 10 (T>C) 和 IL-10 (G>C) 细胞因子基因多态性与长寿的关联

长寿是一个复杂的过程，受环境和遗传因素的控制。我们评估了意大利队列中四种细胞因子基因多态性与长寿的关联。对 1019 名年龄在 10 至 100 岁且属于北意大利人群的受试者样本进行了IL-6（G>C，rs1800796）、IL- 10-1082（G>A，rs1800896）、TNF-α- 308 （ G>A, rs1800629) 和TGFβ1密码子 10 (T>C, rs1800471) 基因多态性。通过将样本分为四个年龄组来评估细胞因子基因多态性与寿命之间的关联：10 至 24、25 至 49、50 至 85 和 86 至 100。我们观察到IL-10 A等位基因的频率显着降低在 25 到 49 ( P = 1.1 × 10 ^-3 )、50 至 85 ( P <  1 × 10 ^-4 ) 和 86 至 100 ( P  = 2 × 10 ^-3 ) 年龄组与最小年龄组相比。同样，我们发现TGFβ1 C的频率显着降低（P <  1 × 10 ^-4）50-85 岁和 86-100 岁年龄组的等位基因与 10-24 岁和 25-49 岁年龄组的等位基因相比。以前，在老年受试者中检测到高水平的 TGFβ1，表明这种细胞因子可以抵消炎症的有害影响。同样，IL-10 具有很强的抗炎特性，可以抑制促炎细胞因子的产生。在文献中，发现最低水平的功能性细胞因子与TGFβ1 (T>C) 和IL-10 (G>A) 基因多态性相关，从而导致炎症持续时间和癌症风险增加。由于这些原因，在我们的研究中发现，在老年受试者中观察到这些突变的低发生率是合理的。