In vivo MRS is a non‐invasive measurement technique used not only in humans, but also in animal models using high‐field magnets. MRS enables the measurement of metabolite concentrations as well as metabolic rates and their modifications in healthy animals and disease models. Such data open the way to a deeper understanding of the underlying biochemistry, related disturbances and mechanisms taking place during or prior to symptoms and tissue changes. In this work, we focus on the main preclinical ¹H, ³¹P and ¹³C MRS approaches to study brain metabolism in rodent models, with the aim of providing general experts’ consensus recommendations (animal models, anesthesia, data acquisition protocols). An overview of the main practical differences in preclinical compared with clinical MRS studies is presented, as well as the additional biochemical information that can be obtained in animal models in terms of metabolite concentrations and metabolic flux measurements. The properties of high‐field preclinical MRS and the technical limitations are also described.

中文翻译：

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啮齿动物大脑中的磁共振波谱：专家共识建议

体内 MRS 是一种非侵入性测量技术，不仅用于人类，还用于使用高场磁铁的动物模型。MRS 能够测量代谢物浓度以及代谢率及其在健康动物和疾病模型中的修改。这些数据为深入了解在症状和组织变化期间或之前发生的潜在生物化学、相关干扰和机制开辟了道路。在这项工作中，我们关注主要的临床前¹ H、³¹ P 和¹³C MRS 方法在啮齿动物模型中研究脑代谢，旨在提供一般专家的共识建议（动物模型、麻醉、数据采集协议）。概述了临床前与临床 MRS 研究相比的主要实际差异，以及可以在动物模型中获得的代谢物浓度和代谢通量测量方面的额外生化信息。还描述了高场临床前 MRS 的特性和技术限制。