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Effects of plant functional group removal on CO2 fluxes and belowground C stocks across contrasting ecosystems
Ecology ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 , DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3170 Roger Grau-Andrés 1 , David A Wardle 1, 2 , Michael J Gundale 1 , Claire N Foster 3 , Paul Kardol 1
Ecology ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 , DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3170 Roger Grau-Andrés 1 , David A Wardle 1, 2 , Michael J Gundale 1 , Claire N Foster 3 , Paul Kardol 1
Affiliation
Abstract Changes in plant communities can have large effects on ecosystem carbon (C) dynamics and long‐term C stocks. However, how these effects are mediated by environmental context or vary among ecosystems is not well understood. To study this, we used a long‐term plant removal experiment set up across 30 forested lake islands in northern Sweden that collectively represent a strong gradient of soil fertility and ecosystem productivity. We measured forest floor CO2 exchange and aboveground and belowground C stocks for a 22‐yr experiment involving factorial removal of the two dominant functional groups of the boreal forest understory, namely ericaceous dwarf shrubs and feather mosses, on each of the 30 islands. We found that long‐term shrub and moss removal increased forest floor net CO2 loss and decreased belowground C stocks consistently across the islands irrespective of their productivity or soil fertility. However, we did see context‐dependent responses of respiration to shrub removals because removals only increased respiration on islands of intermediate productivity. Both CO2 exchange and C stocks responded more strongly to shrub removal than to moss removal. Shrub removal reduced gross primary productivity of the forest floor consistently across the island gradient, but it had no effect on respiration, which suggests that loss of belowground C caused by the removals was driven by reduced litter inputs. Across the island gradient, shrub removal consistently depleted C stocks in the soil organic horizon by 0.8 kg C/m2. Our results show that the effect of plant functional group diversity on C dynamics can be relatively consistent across contrasting ecosystems that vary greatly in productivity and soil fertility. These findings underline the key role of understory vegetation in forest C cycling, and suggest that global change leading to changes in the relative abundance of both shrubs and mosses could impact on the capacity of boreal forests to store C.
中文翻译:
植物功能基团去除对不同生态系统中 CO2 通量和地下碳储量的影响
摘要 植物群落的变化会对生态系统碳(C)动态和长期 C 库产生巨大影响。然而,这些影响如何由环境背景介导或如何在生态系统之间变化尚不清楚。为了研究这一点,我们使用了一项在瑞典北部 30 个森林湖泊岛屿上设置的长期植物清除实验,这些岛屿共同代表了土壤肥力和生态系统生产力的强梯度。我们在 22 年的实验中测量了森林地面 CO2 交换和地上和地下 C 库,该实验涉及对 30 个岛屿中每一个岛屿的北方森林林下的两个主要功能组,即金银花矮灌木和羽苔进行因子去除。我们发现,无论岛屿的生产力或土壤肥力如何,长期清除灌木和苔藓都会增加森林地面净 CO2 损失并降低整个岛屿的地下碳库。然而,我们确实看到呼吸对灌木清除的上下文相关反应,因为清除只会增加中等生产力岛屿上的呼吸。CO2 交换和 C 库对灌木去除的反应比对苔藓去除的反应更强烈。灌木清除会持续降低整个岛屿梯度森林地面的总初级生产力,但它对呼吸没有影响,这表明清除造成的地下 C 损失是由枯枝落叶投入减少造成的。在整个岛屿梯度上,灌木移除持续消耗了土壤有机层中 0.8 kg C/m2 的碳库。我们的结果表明,植物功能群多样性对 C 动态的影响在生产力和土壤肥力差异很大的对比生态系统中可能相对一致。这些发现强调了林下植被在森林碳循环中的关键作用,并表明导致灌木和苔藓相对丰度变化的全球变化可能会影响北方森林储存碳的能力。
更新日期:2020-10-06
中文翻译:
植物功能基团去除对不同生态系统中 CO2 通量和地下碳储量的影响
摘要 植物群落的变化会对生态系统碳(C)动态和长期 C 库产生巨大影响。然而,这些影响如何由环境背景介导或如何在生态系统之间变化尚不清楚。为了研究这一点,我们使用了一项在瑞典北部 30 个森林湖泊岛屿上设置的长期植物清除实验,这些岛屿共同代表了土壤肥力和生态系统生产力的强梯度。我们在 22 年的实验中测量了森林地面 CO2 交换和地上和地下 C 库,该实验涉及对 30 个岛屿中每一个岛屿的北方森林林下的两个主要功能组,即金银花矮灌木和羽苔进行因子去除。我们发现,无论岛屿的生产力或土壤肥力如何,长期清除灌木和苔藓都会增加森林地面净 CO2 损失并降低整个岛屿的地下碳库。然而,我们确实看到呼吸对灌木清除的上下文相关反应,因为清除只会增加中等生产力岛屿上的呼吸。CO2 交换和 C 库对灌木去除的反应比对苔藓去除的反应更强烈。灌木清除会持续降低整个岛屿梯度森林地面的总初级生产力,但它对呼吸没有影响,这表明清除造成的地下 C 损失是由枯枝落叶投入减少造成的。在整个岛屿梯度上,灌木移除持续消耗了土壤有机层中 0.8 kg C/m2 的碳库。我们的结果表明,植物功能群多样性对 C 动态的影响在生产力和土壤肥力差异很大的对比生态系统中可能相对一致。这些发现强调了林下植被在森林碳循环中的关键作用,并表明导致灌木和苔藓相对丰度变化的全球变化可能会影响北方森林储存碳的能力。