Abstract Fructose was converted to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), an important biomass-derived platform chemical, under mild conditions (100-130 oC) with several organic acids including p-toluene sulfonic (pTSA), oxalic, maleic, malonic and succinic acids as the catalysts. The process kinetics was compared considering fructose dehydration to HMF as the objective reaction and condensation of fructose and HMF to humin and rehydration of HMF as the main side reactions. DMSO was found to be the most effective solvent reaction medium to obtain high fructose conversion and HMF yield. Observed kinetic modeling illustrated that the rehydration and condensation of HMF in DMSO actually could be neglected, especially for the oxalic acid catalyzed system. The determined observed activation energy for fructose conversion to HMF and humin in DMSO medium was 33.75 and 24.94 kJ/mol for pTSA catalyzed system, and 96.51 and 78.39 kJ/mol for oxalic acid-catalyzed system, respectively. HMF yields of 90.2% and 84.1% were obtained for pTSA and oxalic acid catalyzed systems, respectively.

中文翻译：

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有机酸催化果糖生产平台化学品 5-羟甲基糠醛：基于动力学模型的工艺比较和评价

摘要 果糖在温和条件下 (100-130 oC) 转化为 5-羟甲基糠醛 (HMF)，这是一种重要的生物质衍生平台化学品，包括对甲苯磺酸 (pTSA)、草酸、马来酸、丙二酸和琥珀酸等多种有机酸。作为催化剂。以果糖脱水生成 HMF 为目标反应，果糖和 HMF 缩合生成腐殖质和 HMF 再水合为主要副反应，对工艺动力学进行了比较。发现 DMSO 是获得高果糖转化率和 HMF 产率的最有效的溶剂反应介质。观察到的动力学模型表明，HMF 在 DMSO 中的再水合和缩合实际上可以忽略不计，特别是对于草酸催化体系。在 DMSO 培养基中，果糖转化为 HMF 和腐殖质的确定观察活化能为 33。pTSA 催化体系分别为 75 和 24.94 kJ/mol，草酸催化体系分别为 96.51 和 78.39 kJ/mol。pTSA 和草酸催化系统的 HMF 产率分别为 90.2% 和 84.1%。