Delay discounting refers to the reduction in the value of an outcome as a consequence of the delay to its receipt. The rate at which a future event is discounted depends on several factors, but there is little evidence regarding the effects of consequences concurrent with an intertemporal choice. In this study, participants were exposed to a delay discounting task in which an immediate gain (upfront gains) or an immediate loss (upfront losses) was bundled with an intertemporal choice. In two experiments, we explored how the sign (gain or loss) and magnitude (relative and absolute) of the upfront affect discounting rate. Results of Experiment 1 suggest that only the introduction of a significant negative upfront reduced discounting in the small reward condition. In Experiment 2, increasing both the relative and absolute magnitude of the upfront reduced discounting. We discuss these results in terms of factors that modulate the effect of availability and absence of additional resources on discounting.

延迟贴现是指由于延迟接收结果而导致的结果价值降低。未来事件的折现率取决于几个因素，但很少有证据表明与跨期选择同时发生的后果的影响。在这项研究中，参与者面临延迟贴现的任务，即立即收益（前期收益）或立即损失（前期损失）与跨期选择捆绑在一起。在两个实验中，我们探讨了预付款的正负号（收益或损失）和幅度（相对和绝对）如何影响折现率。实验1的结果表明，在小额奖励条件下，只有引入显着的负前期付款才能减少贴现。在实验2中，增加预付款的相对和绝对幅度可减少贴现。我们将根据可调节性的影响因素来讨论这些结果，而这些因素会影响折扣的存在和缺乏额外资源。