The aim of the study was to compare the transcriptomic profiles of fully differentiated skeletal muscle derived from bulls belonging to different breeds of varying performance. Microarray analyses were performed to determine the differences in the expression profiles of genes between semitendinosus muscles of 15-month-old beef-breed bulls (Limousin—LIM and Hereford—HER) and dairy-breed bulls (Holstein Friesian—HF). These analyses allowed for the identification of those genes the expression of which is similar and characteristic of fully differentiated muscle in beef breeds, but differs in skeletal muscle of a typical dairy breed. The analysis revealed 463 transcripts showing similar expression in the semitendinosus muscle of beef breeds (LIM/HER), in comparison with the dairy breed (HF). Among the identified genes, 227 were upregulated and 236 were downregulated in beef breeds. The ontological analyses revealed that the largest group of genes similarly expressed in LIM and HER was involved in the processes of protein metabolism and development of muscle organ. In beef breeds, some genes involved in protein synthesis and proteolysis showed an upregulation, including ctsd, ctsf, fhl2, fhl3, fst, sirt1, and trim63, whereas some were downregulated, including bmpr1a, bmpr2, mstn, smad2, hspa8, gsk3β, and tgfβ2. The expression of the chosen genes was confirmed by RT-qPCR technique. Thus, it can be assumed that the identified genes involved in the regulation of growth and development of muscle tissue and the processes of protein metabolism in the examined cattle breeds may be responsible for the greater gain of muscle mass in beef-breed bulls.

该研究的目的是比较来自不同表现不同品种的公牛的完全分化的骨骼肌的转录组谱。进行了微阵列分析，以确定15个月大的肉牛（利木赞-LIM和赫里福德-HER）和奶牛（Holstein Friesian-HF）的半腱肌之间基因表达谱的差异。这些分析允许鉴定那些基因的表达与牛肉品种中完全分化的肌肉相似且具有特征，但在典型乳制品品种的骨骼肌中不同。分析显示，与奶牛品种（HF）相比，463个转录本在牛肉品种（LIM / HER）的半腱肌中显示出相似的表达。在确定的基因中，牛肉品种中上调了227个，下调了236个。本体分析表明，在LIM和HER中相似表达的最大基因组参与蛋白质代谢和肌肉器官发育过程。在牛肉品种中，一些参与蛋白质合成和蛋白水解的基因表达上调，包括CTSD，CTSF，FHL2，FHL3，FST，SIRT1和TRIM63，而一些被下调，包括BMPR1A，BMPR2，MSTN，Smad2的，HSPA8，GSK3β，和TGFβ2。通过RT-qPCR技术确认所选基因的表达。因此，可以假定在所检查的牛品种中，与肌肉组织的生长和发育以及蛋白质代谢过程有关的已鉴定基因可能是牛肉公牛肌肉质量增加的原因。