Bud dormancy is a strategic mechanism plants developed as an adaptation to unfavorable environments. The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is one of the most ancient fruit vine species and vines are planted all over the world due to their great economic benefits. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying bud dormancy between adjacent months, the transcriptomes of ‘Rosario Bianco’ grape buds of 6 months and three nodes were analyzed using RNA-sequencing technology and pair-wise comparison. From November to April of the following year, pairwise comparisons were conducted between adjacent months. A total of 11,647 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from five comparisons. According to the results of cluster analysis of the DEG profiles and the climatic status of the sampling period, the 6 months were divided into three key processes (November to January, January to March, and March to April). Pair-wise comparisons of DEG profiles of adjacent months and three main dormancy processes showed that the whole grapevine bud dormancy period was mainly regulated by the antioxidant system, secondary metabolism, cell cycle and division, cell wall metabolism, and carbohydrates metabolism. Additionally, several DEGs, such as VvGA2OX6 and VvSS3, showed temporally and spatially differential expression patterns, which normalized to a similar trend during or before April. Considering these results, the molecular mechanisms underlying bud dormancy in the grapevine can be hypothesized, which lays the foundation for further research.

中文翻译：

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比较转录组分析提供洞察不同节点处的葡萄（Vitis vinifera）休眠芽的调控途径和时空表达特征。

芽休眠是植物适应不良环境而开发的一种战略机制。葡萄（Vitis vinifera）是最古老的果树品种之一，由于其巨大的经济利益，葡萄树已在世界范围内种植。为了更好地了解相邻月份之间芽休眠的分子机制，使用RNA测序技术和成对比较分析了6个月和3个节点的'Rosario Bianco'葡萄芽的转录组。从第二年的11月到次年的4月，在相邻的月份之间进行了成对比较。从五个比较中获得了总共11,647个差异表达基因（DEG）。根据DEG剖面的聚类分析结果和采样期间的气候状况，这六个月分为三个关键过程（11月至1月，1月至3月和3月至4月）。相邻月份和三个主要休眠过程的DEG曲线的成对比较显示，整个葡萄芽休眠期主要受抗氧化系统，次级代谢，细胞周期和分裂，细胞壁代谢和碳水化合物代谢的调控。此外，几个DEG（例如VvGA2OX6和VvSS3）显示出时间和空间差异表达模式，这些模式在4月中或之前标准化为相似趋势。考虑到这些结果，可以推测葡萄树芽休眠的分子机制，这为进一步研究奠定了基础。相邻月份和三个主要休眠过程的DEG曲线的成对比较显示，整个葡萄芽休眠期主要受抗氧化系统，次级代谢，细胞周期和分裂，细胞壁代谢和碳水化合物代谢的调控。此外，一些DEG（例如VvGA2OX6和VvSS3）显示出时间和空间差异表达模式，这些模式在4月中或之前标准化为相似趋势。考虑到这些结果，可以推测葡萄树芽休眠的分子机制，这为进一步研究奠定了基础。相邻月份和三个主要休眠过程的DEG曲线的成对比较显示，整个葡萄芽休眠期主要受抗氧化系统，次级代谢，细胞周期和分裂，细胞壁代谢和碳水化合物代谢的调控。另外，一些DEG（例如VvGA2OX6和VvSS3）显示出时间和空间差异表达模式，这些模式在4月或之前的趋势趋于正常。考虑到这些结果，可以推测葡萄树芽休眠的分子机制，这为进一步研究奠定了基础。和碳水化合物的新陈代谢。另外，一些DEG（例如VvGA2OX6和VvSS3）显示出时间和空间差异表达模式，这些模式在4月或之前的趋势趋于正常。考虑到这些结果，可以推测葡萄树芽休眠的分子机制，这为进一步研究奠定了基础。和碳水化合物的新陈代谢。此外，几个DEG（例如VvGA2OX6和VvSS3）显示出时间和空间差异表达模式，这些模式在4月中或之前标准化为相似趋势。考虑到这些结果，可以推测葡萄树芽休眠的分子机制，这为进一步研究奠定了基础。