Weedy and invasive plants threaten our food supply, native biodiversity, and the structure and function of ecosystems. The number and impact of these damaging plants are expected to continue to grow with ongoing global change. Some of the most common policy tools to help mitigate this threat are regulatory weed lists, which limit the importation and movement of listed plant species, but there has never been a comprehensive analysis of plants regulated in the United States. We analyzed US state regulatory lists (e.g., noxious, invasive, prohibited) to evaluate their composition, patterns of listing, congruities with weed distributions, and limitations. In total, 46 states maintain regulatory weed lists that include 3210 total listings of 1249 unique species; 48% of them are introduced, 40% are native, and 12% are not yet found in the United States. Overall, the listed species are not a good reflection of the weeds in each state, and listing appears largely reactive, regulating species after they become widespread. We highlight patterns and incongruities among lists and discuss their implications, especially the large number of regulated species native to the United States.

中文翻译：

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美国国家管制的杂草清单分析：生物学与政策之间的矛盾

杂草和入侵植物威胁着我们的粮食供应，本地生物多样性以及生态系统的结构和功能。随着全球范围的不断变化，这些破坏性工厂的数量和影响预计将继续增长。减轻杂草威胁的一些最常用的政策工具是管制杂草清单，该清单限制了所列植物物种的进口和转移，但从未对美国受管制植物进行全面分析。我们分析了美国的州法规清单（例如，有毒，侵入性，禁止使用）以评估其组成，清单模式，杂草分布的一致性和局限性。总共有46个州维护着监管杂草清单，其中包括1210个独特物种的3210个清单。其中48％是引进的，40％是本土的，而12％在美国尚未发现。总体而言，列出的物种并不是每个州的杂草的良好反映，并且列表在出现后似乎在很大程度上具有反应性和调节性。我们重点介绍列表中的模式和不一致性，并讨论它们的含义，尤其是美国本土大量受管制物种。