Abstract Recent advances in biomedicine largely rely on the development in nanoengineering. As the access to unique properties in biomaterials is not readily available from traditional techniques, the nanoengineering becomes an effective approach for research and development, by which the performance as well as the functionalities of biomaterials has been greatly improved and enriched. This review focuses on the main materials used in biomedicine, including metallic materials, polymers, and nanocomposites, as well as the major applications of nanoengineering in developing biomedical treatments and techniques. Research that provides an in-depth understanding of material properties and efficient enhancement of material performance using molecular dynamics simulations from the nanoengineering perspective are discussed. The advanced techniques which facilitate nanoengineering in biomedical applications are also presented to inspire further improvement in the future. Furthermore, the potential challenges of nanoengineering in biomedicine are evaluated by summarizing concerned issues and possible solutions. Graphical abstract

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生物医学中的纳米工程：当前的发展和未来的前景

摘要 生物医学的最新进展很大程度上依赖于纳米工程的发展。由于传统技术无法轻易获得生物材料的独特性能，纳米工程成为一种有效的研究和开发方法，生物材料的性能和功能都得到了极大的改善和丰富。本综述侧重于生物医学中使用的主要材料，包括金属材料、聚合物和纳米复合材料，以及纳米工程在开发生物医学治疗和技术方面的主要应用。讨论了从纳米工程的角度使用分子动力学模拟深入了解材料特性和有效增强材料性能的研究。还介绍了促进生物医学应用中纳米工程的先进技术，以激发未来的进一步改进。此外，通过总结相关问题和可能的解决方案来评估纳米工程在生物医学中的潜在挑战。图形概要