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Impacts of fertilization on grassland productivity and water quality across the European Alps: insights from a mechanistic model
Biogeosciences ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 , DOI: 10.5194/bg-2020-294
Martina Botter , Matthias Zeeman , Paolo Burlando , Simone Fatichi

Abstract. Alpine grasslands sustain local economy providing fodder for livestock. Intensive fertilization is common to enhance their yields, thus creating negative externalities on water quality that are difficult to evaluate without reliable estimates of nutrient fluxes. We apply a 1-D mechanistic ecosystem model, seamlessly integrating land-surface energy balance, soil hydrology, vegetation dynamics, and soil biogeochemistry aiming at assessing the grassland response to fertilization. We simulate the major water, carbon, nutrient, and energy fluxes of nine grassland plots across the broad European Alpine region. We provide an unprecedent interdisciplinary model evaluation confirming its performance against observed variables from different datasets. Subsequently, we apply the model to test the influence of fertilization practices on grassland yields and nitrate (NO3) losses through leaching. Despite the generally low NO3 concentration in groundwater recharge, the variability across sites is remarkable, mostly, but not exclusively, dictated by elevation. In high-Alpine sites short growing seasons lead to less efficient nitrogen (N) uptake for biomass production. This combined with lower evapotranspiration rates results in higher amounts of drainage and NO3 leaching to groundwater. The local soil hydrology has a crucial role in driving the NO3 use efficiency. The commonly applied fixed-threshold limit on fertilizer N input is suboptimal. We suggest that major hydrological and soil property differences across sites should be considered in the delineation of best practices or regulations for management. Using distributed maps informed with key soil and climatic attributes or systematically implementing integrated ecosystem models as shown here can contribute to achieving more sustainable practices.

中文翻译:

施肥对欧洲阿尔卑斯山草地生产力和水质的影响:机械模型的见解

摘要。高寒草原维持当地经济,为牲畜提供​​饲料。密集施肥通常会提高产量,因此会给水质造成负面外部影响,如果没有可靠的养分通量估算就很难评估。我们采用一维机制的生态系统模型,将土地表面能量平衡,土壤水文学,植被动力学和土壤生物地球化学无缝整合在一起,旨在评估草地对施肥的反应。我们模拟了整个欧洲高山地区的9个草原地块的主要水,碳,养分和能量通量。我们提供了前所未有的跨学科模型评估,从而证实了其针对不同数据集中观察到的变量的性能。后来,3)浸出损失。尽管地下水补给中的NO 3浓度通常较低,但各地之间的差异是显着的,主要但并非唯一地由海拔高度决定。在高高山地区,生长季节短导致生物量生产中氮(N)吸收效率降低。这与较低的蒸散速率相结合,导致大量的排水和NO 3渗入地下水。当地的土壤水文学在驱动NO 3方面起着至关重要的作用使用效率。肥料氮输入的常用固定阈值限制不理想。我们建议在划定最佳实践或管理法规时应考虑地点之间主要的水文和土壤特性差异。如此处所示,使用具有关键土壤和气候属性的分布式地图或系统地实施此处所示的集成生态系统模型可以有助于实现更可持续的实践。
更新日期:2020-08-26
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