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Trends and health impacts of major urban air pollutants in Kazakhstan.
Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 , DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1813837
Aiymgul Kerimray 1, 2 , Daulet Assanov 3 , Bulat Kenessov 1 , Ferhat Karaca 4, 5
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

The air quality in cities in Kazakhstan has been poorly investigated despite the worsening conditions. This study evaluates national air pollution monitoring network data (Total Suspended Particle-TSP, NO2, SO2, and O3) from Kazakhstan cities and provides estimates of excess mortality rates associated with PM2.5 exposure using the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM) concentration-response function. Morbidity rates associated with PM10 exposure were also estimated. Annual average (2015-2017) population-weighted concentrations were Kazakhstan cities was 157, 51, 29, and 41 μg m−3 for TSP, NO2, SO2, and O3 respectively. We estimated a total of 8134 adult deaths per year attributable to PM2.5 (average over 2015–2017) in the selected 21 cities of Kazakhstan. The leading causes of death were ischemic heart disease (4080), stroke (1613), lower respiratory infections (662), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (434), lung cancer (332). The per capita mortality rate attributable to ambient air pollution (per 105 adults per year) was less than 150 in nine cities, between 150 and 204 in nine cities, and between 276 and 373 in three industrial cities (Zhezkazgan, Temirtau, and Balkhash).

Implications: Quantitative information on the health impacts of air pollution can be useful for decision-makers in Kazakhstan to justify environmental policies and identify policy and funding priorities for addressing air pollution issues. This information can also be useful for policymakers by improving the quality of government-funded environmental reports and strategic documents, as they have many shortcomings in terms of the selection of air quality indicators, identification of priority pollutants, and identification of sources of pollution. This study has high significance due to the lack of data and knowledge in Central Asia, especially Kazakhstan.



中文翻译:

哈萨克斯坦主要城市空气污染物的趋势和健康影响。

摘要

尽管情况恶化,哈萨克斯坦城市的空气质量仍未得到很好的调查。这项研究评估了来自哈萨克斯坦城市的国家空气污染监测网络数据(总悬浮颗粒物TSP,NO 2,SO 2和O 3),并使用全球暴露死亡率模型(GEMM)估算了与PM 2.5暴露相关的超额死亡率。浓度反应功能。还估计了与PM 10暴露相关的发病率。全年平均值(2015-2017)人口加权浓度哈萨克斯坦城市为157,51,29,和41微克米-3为TSP,NO 2,SO 2和O 3分别。我们估计在哈萨克斯坦的选定21个城市中,每年共有8134名成年人死亡,这是由于PM 2.5(2015-2017年的平均值)造成的。死亡的主要原因是缺血性心脏病(4080),中风(1613),下呼吸道感染(662),慢性阻塞性肺疾病(434),肺癌(332)。在9个城市中,由于环境空气污染造成的人均死亡率(每10 5名成年人)少于150,在9个城市中介于150至204之间,在三个工业城市(Zhezkazgan,Temirtau和Balkhash)介于276至373之间)。

启示:关于空气污染对健康的影响的定量信息对于哈萨克斯坦的决策者来说有必要为环境政策辩护,并确定解决空气污染问题的政策和资金重点。这些信息也可以通过提高政府资助的环境报告和战略文件的质量而对政策制定者有用,因为它们在选择空气质量指标,确定优先污染物和确定污染源方面存在许多缺陷。由于中亚地区特别是哈萨克斯坦缺乏数据和知识,这项研究具有重要意义。

更新日期:2020-11-02
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