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A systematic review and meta‐analysis of behavioural sex differences in executive control
European Journal of Neuroscience ( IF 3.698 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 , DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14946
Alexandra Gaillard 1 , Daniel J. Fehring 2, 3 , Susan L. Rossell 1, 4
Affiliation  

Literature investigating whether an individuals' sex affects their executive control abilities and performance on cognitive tasks in a normative population has been contradictory and inconclusive. Using meta‐analytic procedures (abiding by PRISMA guidelines), this study attempts to identify the magnitude of behavioural sex differences in three prominent executive control domains of cognitive set‐shifting, performance monitoring, and response inhibition. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched. Across 46 included studies, a total of 1988 females and 1884 males were included in the analysis. Overall, males and females did not differ on performance in any of the three domains of performance monitoring, response inhibition, or cognitive set‐shifting. Task‐specific sex differences were observed in the domains of performance monitoring, in the CANTAB Spatial Working Memory task—males scored statistically higher than females (Hedges' g = −0.60), and response inhibition, in the Delay Discounting task—females scored statistically higher than males (Hedges' g = 0.64). While the meta‐analysis did not detect overall behavioural sex differences in executive control, significant heterogeneity and task‐specific sex differences were found. To further understand sex differences within these specific tasks and domains, future research must better control for age and sex hormone levels.

中文翻译:

对执行控制中行为性别差异的系统评价和荟萃分析

关于调查一个人的性别是否会影响他们的执行控制能力和在规范人群中的认知任务表现的文献是矛盾的,也没有定论。本研究使用荟萃分析程序(遵循PRISMA指南),试图识别认知定势转移,绩效监控和反应抑制的三个主要执行控制域中行为性别差异的大小。系统搜索了PubMed,Web of Science和Scopus。在46项纳入研究中,该分析总共包括1988位女性和1884位男性。总体而言,在绩效监控,反应抑制或认知变位这三个领域中,男性和女性在绩效方面没有差异。g  = −0.60)和延迟抑制任务中的响应抑制-女性的得分在统计学上高于男性(Hedges的g  = 0.64)。尽管荟萃分析未发现执行控制中的总体行为性别差异,但发现存在明显的异质性和针对任务的性别差异。为了进一步了解这些特定任务和领域内的性别差异,未来的研究必须更好地控制年龄和性激素水平。
更新日期:2020-08-26
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