Nanoapertures in metal films have long been recognized for their ability to confine light to subwavelength dimensions. This allows for high‐resolution imaging of single emitters with enhanced emission rates. It also provides a background‐free environment that has been exploited for biophysical applications like fluorescence correlation studies at high physiological concentrations and DNA sequencing. Recently, other advantages of single apertures have been recognized, including optical trapping, thermal management, and nanofluidic (nanopore) functionality. This paper reviews metal nanoapertures and their applications to single emitter studies for biophysical and quantum applications.

中文翻译：

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金属纳米孔径和单发射极

长期以来，金属膜中的纳米孔因其将光限制在亚波长范围内的能力而广为人知。这样可以对单个发射器进行高分辨率成像，并提高发射率。它还提供了无背景的环境，已被开发用于生物物理应用，例如在高生理浓度下进行荧光相关性研究和DNA测序。近来，已经认识到单孔的其他优点，包括光学捕获，热管理和纳米流体（纳米孔）功能。本文概述了金属纳米孔及其在生物物理和量子应用的单发射器研究中的应用。