The amygdala is a central hub for fear learning assessed by Pavlovian fear conditioning. Indeed, the prevailing hypothesis that learning and memory are mediated by changes in synaptic strength was shown most convincingly at thalamic and cortical afferents to the lateral amygdala. The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to regulate synaptic plasticity and memory formation in many areas of the mammalian brain including the amygdala, where BDNF signalling via tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptors is prominently involved in fear learning. This review updates the current understanding of BDNF/TrkB signalling in the amygdala related to fear learning and extinction. In addition, actions of proBDNF/p75NTR and NGF/TrkA as well as NT-3/TrkC signalling in the amygdala are introduced.

中文翻译：

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杏仁核依赖性提示恐惧学习中的神经营养因子信号传导

杏仁核是由巴甫洛夫恐惧条件反射评估的恐惧学习的中心枢纽。事实上，学习和记忆是由突触强度的变化介导的普遍假设在丘脑和皮质传入杏仁核外侧最令人信服。已知神经营养因子脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF) 可调节哺乳动物大脑许多区域的突触可塑性和记忆形成，包括杏仁核，其中通过原肌球蛋白相关激酶 B (TrkB) 受体的 BDNF 信号传导主要参与恐惧学习。这篇综述更新了目前对杏仁核中与恐惧学习和灭绝相关的 BDNF/TrkB 信号的理解。此外，还介绍了杏仁核中 proBDNF/p75NTR 和 NGF/TrkA 以及 NT-3/TrkC 信号传导的作用。