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Germination of the invasive legume Lupinus polyphyllus depends on cutting date and seed morphology
NeoBiota ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-25 , DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.60.56117
Yves P. Klinger , Rolf Lutz Eckstein , David Horlemann , Annette Otte , Kristin Ludewig

In semi-natural grasslands, mowing leads to the dispersal of species that have viable seeds at the right time. For invasive plant species in grasslands, dispersal by mowing should be avoided, and information on the effect of cutting date on the germination of invasive species is needed. We investigated the germination of seeds of the invasive legume Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. depending on the cutting date. We measured seed traits associated with successful germination that can be assessed by managers for an improved timing of control measures. To this end, we sampled seeds of L. polyphyllus on six cutting dates and analyzed the germination of these seeds in climate chambers and under ambient weather conditions. We collected information on seed morphology (color/size/hardseededness) for each cutting date to identify seed traits associated with successful germination. Observed germination patterns were highly asynchronous and differed between seeds cut at different dates. Seeds cut early, being green and soft, tended to germinate in autumn. Seeds cut late, being dark and hard, were more prone to germinate the following spring, after winter stratification. This allows the species to utilize germination niches throughout the year, thus indicating a bet-hedging strategy. Seed color and the percentage of hard seeds were good predictors of germination percentage, but not of mean germination time and synchrony. Managers should prevent the species producing black and hard seeds, while cutting plants carrying green and soft seeds is less problematic. Furthermore, germination patterns differed between climate chambers and the common garden, mainly because germination of dormant seeds was lower in climate chambers. More germination experiments under ambient weather conditions should be carried out, as they can give information on the germination dynamics of invasive species.

中文翻译:

入侵豆科植物羽扇豆的发芽取决于切割日期和种子形态

在半自然的草原上,割草会导致在适当的时候散布有可行种子的物种。对于草原上的入侵植物物种,应避免通过割草扩散,并且需要有关砍伐日期对入侵物种发芽的影响的信息。我们调查了入侵豆科植物羽扇豆Lindl种子的萌发。取决于切割日期。我们测量了与成功发芽相关的种子性状,管理者可以评估这些种子性状以改善控制措施的时机。为此,我们在六个切割日期取样了多叶紫苏种子,并分析了这些种子在气候箱中和环境条件下的发芽率。我们收集了每个切割日期的种子形态(颜色/大小/播种性)信息,以确定与成功发芽相关的种子性状。观察到的萌发模式是高度异步的,并且在不同日期切割的种子之间存在差异。种子切得早,绿色而柔软,在秋天倾向于发芽。冬季分层后,切开较晚的种子又黑又硬,更容易在接下来的春天发芽。这使该物种全年都可以利用发芽利基,从而表明了对冲策略。种子的颜色和硬种子的百分比是较好的发芽率预测指标,但不是平均发芽时间和同步性指标。管理者应防止该物种产生黑色和坚硬的种子,而砍伐带有绿色和软种子的植物的问题则较少。此外,气候箱和普通花园之间的发芽模式有所不同,主要是因为在气候箱中休眠种子的发芽率较低。应该在环境天气条件下进行更多的发芽实验,因为它们可以提供有关入侵物种发芽动态的信息。
更新日期:2020-08-25
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