Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are the underlying monitoring and control components of critical infrastructures, such as power, telecommunication, transportation, pipelines, chemicals and manufacturing plants. Legacy SCADA systems operated on isolated networks, that made them less exposed to Internet threats. However, the increasing connection of SCADA systems to the Internet, as well as corporate networks, introduces severe security issues. Security considerations for SCADA systems are gaining higher attention, as the number of security incidents against these critical infrastructures is increasing. In this survey, we provide an overview of the general SCADA architecture, along with a detailed description of the SCADA communication protocols. Additionally, we discuss certain high-impact security incidents, objectives, and threats. Furthermore, we carry out an extensive review of the security proposals and tactics that aim to secure SCADA systems. We also discuss the state of SCADA system security. Finally, we present the current research trends and future advancements of SCADA security.

中文翻译：

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SCADA 系统调查：安全协议、事件、威胁和策略

监控和数据采集 (SCADA) 系统是关键基础设施（例如电力、电信、运输、管道、化学品和制造工厂）的底层监控组件。传统 SCADA 系统在隔离的网络上运行，这使它们较少受到 Internet 威胁的影响。然而，越来越多的 SCADA 系统与 Internet 以及企业网络的连接带来了严重的安全问题。随着针对这些关键基础设施的安全事件数量不断增加，SCADA 系统的安全考虑越来越受到关注。在本次调查中，我们提供了一般 SCADA 架构的概述，以及 SCADA 通信协议的详细描述。此外，我们还讨论了某些具有高影响力的安全事件、目标、和威胁。此外，我们对旨在保护 SCADA 系统的安全建议和策略进行了广泛的审查。我们还讨论了 SCADA 系统安全的状态。最后，我们介绍了 SCADA 安全的当前研究趋势和未来发展。