The synthesis and characterization of novel biocomposites, herein termed bioboards, derived from agricultural residues (wheat straw and barley straw) and aqueous biosilicate solutions, as binder, are reported. The addition of a small amount of protein significantly enhances board strength. The internal bond strength (IBS) increases from 0.0498 to 0.0688 N mm^–2. Prior to adhesion, the agricultural residues were dewaxed (ethanol), making them more amenable to aqueous wetting. The aqueous biosilicate binder was obtained via KOH-assisted hydrothermal leaching of spent ashes derived from the combustion of wheat straw. The concentration of biosilicate was determined by ATR-IR spectroscopy and compared with commercial silicate solution (K120). Zirconia powders were introduced to increase the fireproof ability of bioboards. The presence of zirconia was evidenced by powder X-ray diffraction studies. Thus, the bioboards reported represent “greener” alternatives to conventional, commercial particle and medium density fiber boards because they are wood-free, use waste as a renewable resource (agricultural straws), and, importantly do not use any harmful phenol-formaldehyde and isocyanate binders.

中文翻译：

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从不可避免的食品供应链废物和氧化锆中开发新型生物复合材料

报道了衍生自农业残留物（麦秸和大麦秸秆）和生物硅酸盐水溶液作为粘合剂的新型生物复合材料（本文称为生物板）的合成和表征。添加少量蛋白质可显着增强板强度。内部粘结强度（IBS）从0.0498增加到0.0688 N mm ^–2。在粘附之前，将农业残留物脱蜡（乙醇），使其更易于水润湿。水性生物硅酸盐粘合剂是通过KOH辅助水热沥滤麦秸燃烧产生的废灰获得的。通过ATR-IR光谱法测定生物硅酸盐的浓度，并与市售硅酸盐溶液（K120）进行比较。引入氧化锆粉末以提高生物板的防火能力。粉末X射线衍射研究证明了氧化锆的存在。因此，报告的生物板代表了常规，商业颗粒和中密度纤维板的“绿色”替代品，因为它们不含木材，将废物用作可再生资源（农业秸秆），并且重要的是不使用任何有害的酚醛和异氰酸酯粘合剂。