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Broadscale phage therapy is unlikely to select for widespread evolution of bacterial resistance to virus infection
Virus Evolution ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1093/ve/veaa060
Frederick M Cohan 1 , Matthew Zandi 1 , Paul E Turner 2, 3
Affiliation  

Abstract Multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens are alarmingly on the rise, signaling that the golden age of antibiotics may be over. Phage therapy is a classic approach that often employs strictly lytic bacteriophages (bacteria-specific viruses that kill cells) to combat infections. Recent success in using phages in patient treatment stimulates greater interest in phage therapy among Western physicians. But there is concern that widespread use of phage therapy would eventually lead to global spread of phage-resistant bacteria and widespread failure of the approach. Here, we argue that various mechanisms of horizontal genetic transfer (HGT) have largely contributed to broad acquisition of antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations and species, whereas similar evolution of broad resistance to therapeutic phages is unlikely. The tendency for phages to infect only particular bacterial genotypes limits their broad use in therapy, in turn reducing the likelihood that bacteria could acquire beneficial resistance genes from distant relatives via HGT. We additionally consider whether HGT of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) immunity would thwart generalized use of phages in therapy, and argue that phage-specific CRISPR spacer regions from one taxon are unlikely to provide adaptive value if horizontally-transferred to other taxa. For these reasons, we conclude that broadscale phage therapy efforts are unlikely to produce widespread selection for evolution of bacterial resistance.

中文翻译:

大规模噬菌体疗法不太可能选择细菌对病毒感染的耐药性的广泛进化

摘要 多重耐药细菌病原体数量惊人地增加,这预示着抗生素的黄金时代可能已经结束。噬菌体疗法是​​一种经典的方法,通常使用严格裂解的噬菌体(杀死细胞的细菌特异性病毒)来对抗感染。最近在患者治疗中使用噬菌体的成功激发了西方医生对噬菌体治疗的更大兴趣。但有人担心,广泛使用噬菌体疗法最终会导致抗噬菌体细菌的全球传播和该方法的广泛失败。在这里,我们认为水平遗传转移 (HGT) 的各种机制在很大程度上促成了细菌种群和物种中抗生素耐药性的广泛获得,而对治疗性噬菌体的广泛耐药性的类似进化不太可能。噬菌体仅感染特定细菌基因型的趋势限制了它们在治疗中的广泛应用,从而降低了细菌通过 HGT 从远亲获得有益抗性基因的可能性。我们还考虑了聚集规则间隔短回文重复 (CRISPR) 免疫的 HGT 是否会阻碍噬菌体在治疗中的普遍使用,并认为如果水平转移到其他分类单元,来自一个分类单元的噬菌体特异性 CRISPR 间隔区不太可能提供适应性价值. 由于这些原因,我们得出结论,大规模的噬菌体疗法不太可能为细菌耐药性的进化产生广泛的选择。反过来降低了细菌通过 HGT 从远亲那里获得有益抗性基因的可能性。我们还考虑了聚集规则间隔短回文重复 (CRISPR) 免疫的 HGT 是否会阻碍噬菌体在治疗中的普遍使用,并认为如果水平转移到其他分类单元,来自一个分类单元的噬菌体特异性 CRISPR 间隔区不太可能提供适应性价值. 由于这些原因,我们得出结论,大规模的噬菌体疗法不太可能为细菌耐药性的进化产生广泛的选择。反过来降低了细菌通过 HGT 从远亲那里获得有益抗性基因的可能性。我们还考虑了聚集规则间隔短回文重复 (CRISPR) 免疫的 HGT 是否会阻碍噬菌体在治疗中的普遍使用,并认为如果水平转移到其他分类单元,来自一个分类单元的噬菌体特异性 CRISPR 间隔区不太可能提供适应性价值. 由于这些原因,我们得出结论,大规模的噬菌体疗法不太可能为细菌耐药性的进化产生广泛的选择。并认为如果水平转移到其他分类单元,来自一个分类单元的噬菌体特异性 CRISPR 间隔区不太可能提供适应性价值。由于这些原因,我们得出结论,大规模的噬菌体疗法不太可能为细菌耐药性的进化产生广泛的选择。并认为如果水平转移到其他分类单元,来自一个分类单元的噬菌体特异性 CRISPR 间隔区不太可能提供适应性价值。由于这些原因,我们得出结论,大规模的噬菌体疗法不太可能为细菌耐药性的进化产生广泛的选择。
更新日期:2020-07-01
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