Abstract

Recent developments in the concept of UAS operations in urban areas have led to risk concerns of UAS collision with human. To better understand this risk, head and neck injuries due to UAS collisions have been investigated by different research teams using crash dummies. Because of the limitations in biofidelity of a crash dummy, head injury level for a crash dummy impact may differ from the human body impact. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate differences in head and neck injuries subject to UAS collision between an often-used Hybrid III crash dummy and a human body. To perform such investigation, multibody system (MBS) impact models have been used to simulate UAS impacts on validated models of the Hybrid III crash dummy and the human body at various impact conditions. The findings show that the Hybrid III predicts similar head and neck injury compared to the human body when UAS collides horizontally from front and rear. However, the Hybrid III over-predicts head injury due to horizontal side impact. Moreover, under vertical drop and 45 degree elevated impact of UAS, the Hybrid III under-predicts head injury, and over-predicts neck injury.

摘要

城市地区 UAS 操作概念的最新发展导致了 UAS 与人类碰撞的风险问题。为了更好地了解这种风险，不同的研究团队使用碰撞假人对 UAS 碰撞造成的头部和颈部受伤进行了调查。由于碰撞假人生物保真度的限制，碰撞假人撞击的头部损伤程度可能与人体撞击不同。因此，本文的目的是研究经常使用的 Hybrid III 碰撞假人与人体在 UAS 碰撞时头部和颈部受伤的差异。为了进行此类调查，多体系统 (MBS) 冲击模型已用于模拟 UAS 在各种冲击条件下对 Hybrid III 碰撞假人和人体的验证模型的影响。研究结果表明，当 UAS 从前后水平碰撞时，Hybrid III 预测的头部和颈部损伤与人体相似。然而，Hybrid III 高估了由于水平侧面撞击导致的头部受伤。此外，在 UAS 的垂直下降和 45 度升高的冲击下，Hybrid III 低估了头部受伤，而高估了颈部受伤。