ABSTRACT The ectoparasite Rhipicephalus microplus has caused huge economic losses in livestock, and its synthetic chemical control resulted in acaricidal resistant ticks, environmental damages and residues in bovine products. Therefore, it is important to search for alternative products to control this parasite. This study aimed to characterize the crude extracts of different parts of Gallesia integrifolia by GC and MS, and to evaluate the acaricidal activity against R. microplus by adult immersion test (AIT) and larval packet immersion test (LPIT). The acaricidal activity was verified by adult immersion test and larval packet test, while the anticholinesterase activity was done by bioautographic method. The results showed greater larvicidal activity of crude extracts from flowers (LC99.9 = 15.82 mg/mL) and fruits (LC99.9 = 16.13 mg/mL), when compared to the leaf crude extract (LC99.9 = 18.39 mg/mL). Product efficiency of flower and fruit extracts at 12.5 mg/mL was 96.9% and 96.2%, respectively, probably due to the greater amount of sulphur compounds in flowers (21.7%) mainly disulphide, bis(2-sulphhydryl ethyl (12.8%), and in fruits (9.1%), mostly 2,3,5-trithiahexane (5.0%). Thus, G. integrifolia is an alternative to be exploited for the control cattle tick. Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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Gallesia integrifolia (Phytolaccaceae) 不同部分的粗乙醇提取物用于控制 Rhipicephalus microplus

摘要 外寄生虫 Rhipicephalus microplus 给牲畜造成了巨大的经济损失，其合成化学防治导致抗杀螨的蜱、环境破坏和牛产品中的残留。因此，寻找替代产品来控制这种寄生虫很重要。本研究旨在通过 GC 和 MS 对五叶草不同部位的粗提取物进行表征，并通过成虫浸渍试验 (AIT) 和幼虫浸渍试验 (LPIT) 评估对微加螨的杀螨活性。杀螨活性通过成虫浸泡试验和幼虫包试验验证，抗胆碱酯酶活性通过生物自显影法验证。结果表明，花（LC99.9 = 15.82 mg/mL）和果实（LC99.9 = 16.13 mg/mL）的粗提物具有更高的杀幼虫活性，与叶粗提物相比 (LC99.9 = 18.39 mg/mL)。花和果实提取物在 12.5 mg/mL 时的产品效率分别为 96.9% 和 96.2%，这可能是由于花中含硫量较大（21.7%），主要是二硫化物、双（2-巯基乙基（12.8%）、在水果中 (9.1%)，主要是 2,3,5-三硫杂环己烷 (5.0%)。因此，G. integrifolia 是可用于控制牛蜱的替代品。图形摘要 integrifolia 是一种可用于控制牛蜱的替代品。图形概要 integrifolia 是一种可用于控制牛蜱的替代品。图形概要