ABSTRACT

Introduction

Many countries in Europe now recommend and enforce mandatory vaccinations to improve vaccination coverage. Thus, the number of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) may show an increase. Among these events, severe hypersensitivity reactions to vaccines are rare. However, it is important that they be identified and recognized so that they may be adequately managed.

Areas covered

The literature search was undertaken through PubMed and Embase to identify English-language papers focusing on hypersensitivity to vaccines.

Expert opinion

Hypersensitivity reactions following vaccinations are rare and are classified according to their chronology and extension: immediate when they occur within the first 4 hours following administration and non-immediate when they occur later. Local reactions are the most common adverse event following injection of vaccines and generally do not require any allergy workup. Immediate reactions, however, are potentially IgE-mediated and require an allergy workup. In general, a previously known food allergy (i.e., egg or milk) is not a contraindication to immunizations. Patients with a known allergy to gelatin, yeast, latex, antibiotics, or other specific components of vaccines require an allergy workup before administration of the vaccine.

中文翻译：

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疫苗过敏反应的诊断和管理。

摘要

介绍

许多欧洲国家现在建议并强制执行强制疫苗接种，以提高疫苗接种覆盖率。因此，免疫接种后不良事件 (AEFI) 的数量可能会增加。在这些事件中，对疫苗的严重超敏反应很少见。但是，重要的是要对它们进行识别和认可，以便对其进行充分管理。

覆盖区域

文献检索是通过 PubMed 和 Embase 进行的，以确定侧重于对疫苗的超敏反应的英文论文。

专家意见

接种疫苗后的超敏反应很少见，并根据其时间顺序和范围进行分类：在接种后的前 4 小时内发生立即发生，之后发生则为非立即发生。局部反应是注射疫苗后最常见的不良事件，通常不需要任何过敏检查。然而，即刻反应可能是 IgE 介导的，需要进行过敏检查。一般来说，先前已知的食物过敏（即鸡蛋或牛奶）不是免疫接种的禁忌症。已知对明胶、酵母、乳胶、抗生素或其他特定疫苗成分过敏的患者需要在接种疫苗前进行过敏检查。