Nickel (Ni) and glyphosate (Gl) are able to reduce the symptoms of Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, in soybean. However, their combined effects on the energy balance and ethylene metabolism of soybean plants infected with this fungus has not been elucidated. Therefore, the effects of Ni, Gl, and the combination of Ni + Gl on ASR development, photosynthetic capacity, sugar concentrations, and ethylene concentrations in plants of a Gl-resistant cultivar, uninfected or infected with P. pachyrhizi, were investigated. Inoculated plants supplied with Ni had the highest foliar Ni concentration in all the treatments. Gl had a negative effect on the foliar Ni concentration in Ni-sprayed plants. The ASR severity was reduced in plants sprayed with Ni and Gl. Carotenoid and chlorophyll concentrations were higher in inoculated Ni, Gl, and Ni + Gl plants than in control plants. Based on the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, the photosynthetic apparatus of the control inoculated plants was damaged, and the least amount of energy was directed to the photochemistry process in these plants. The reduced capacity of the photosynthetic mechanism to capture light and use the energy absorbed by photosystem II in inoculated plants was reflected in their reduced capacity to process CO2 , as indicated by the high internal CO2 concentrations and low rates of net carbon assimilation. The low sugar concentrations in inoculated plants from the control treatment were linked to their reduced photosynthetic capacity due to the high ASR severity. In uninfected plants, the ethylene concentration was not affected by Ni or Gl, while the ethylene concentration decreased in inoculated plants; this decrease was more pronounced in plants from the control treatment than in treated inoculated plants. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the role played by both Ni and Gl in ASR control from a physiological perspective. Soybean plants exposed to Ni and Gl were able to maintain high ethylene concentrations and photosynthetic capacity during the P. pachyrhizi infection process; as a result, these plants consumed less of their reserves than inoculated plants not treated with Ni or Gl.

中文翻译：

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草甘膦和镍对被厚壁斑霉感染的抗草甘膦大豆植株的光合作用和乙烯的影响不同

镍 (Ni) 和草甘膦 (Gl) 能够减轻大豆中由豆角豆锈菌引起的亚洲大豆锈病 (ASR) 的症状。然而，它们对感染这种真菌的大豆植物的能量平衡和乙烯代谢的综合影响尚未阐明。因此，研究了 Ni、Gl 和 Ni + Gl 组合对未感染或感染 P. pachyrhizi 的 GI 抗性品种的植物中 ASR 发育、光合能力、糖浓度和乙烯浓度的影响。在所有处理中，接种了 Ni 的植物的叶面 Ni 浓度最高。Gl 对喷镍植物的叶面 Ni 浓度有负面影响。喷洒 Ni 和 GI 的植物的 ASR 严重程度降低。接种的 Ni、Gl、和 Ni + GI 植物比对照植物。根据叶绿素a荧光参数，对照接种植株的光合器官受损，将最少的能量用于这些植株的光化学过程。接种植物中光合机制捕获光和使用光系统 II 吸收的能量的能力降低反映在它们处理 CO2 的能力降低上，如内部 CO2 浓度高和净碳同化率低所示。来自对照处理的接种植物中的低糖浓度与其由于高 ASR 严重性而降低的光合能力有关。在未感染植物中，乙烯浓度不受Ni或Gl的影响，而在接种植物中乙烯浓度降低；这种减少在对照处理的植物中比在处理的接种植物中更为明显。总之，本研究从生理学角度阐明了 Ni 和 GI 在 ASR 控制中所起的作用。在 P. pachyrhizi 感染过程中，暴露于 Ni 和 GI 的大豆植物能够保持高乙烯浓度和光合能力；结果，这些植物消耗的储量少于未用 Ni 或 GI 处理的接种植物。pachyrhizi 感染过程；结果，这些植物消耗的储量少于未用 Ni 或 GI 处理的接种植物。pachyrhizi 感染过程；结果，这些植物消耗的储量少于未用 Ni 或 GI 处理的接种植物。