BACKGROUND The single-high wire (SHW) system is a free canopy trellis system suitable for warm to hot climates. In a global warming scenario, it arouses as a technological solution since it prevents berry overheating and sunburn. Canopy management practices manipulate leaf-to-fruit ratios, affecting berry and wine composition. We aimed to evaluate the phenolic and sensory profiles of Malbec wines from SHW-trellised vineyards in a hot region in Mendoza (Argentina); and to assess the effect of varying leaf-to-fruit ratios on these attributes. We manipulated leaf-to-fruit ratios by varying shoot trimming (experiment 1: 0.45, 0.80 m and without trimming) and winter pruning severity (experiment 2: 16, 24, 32 and > 32 countable buds m-1 ). We characterized wine attributes by a descriptive analysis, color by the CIELAB space, global phenolics compounds and anthocyanins by HPLC-DAD. RESULTS We found that 0.80 m and without trimming wines had similar and higher intensity of color, higher violet hue, astringency, alcohol and a richer aroma profile than 0.45 m wines. Meanwhile, wines of 16 and >32 buds m-1 (that simulates a box pruning) were similar between them and had higher color intensity, violet hue, acidity, alcohol, astringency and a more complex aroma profile than the rest of the pruning treatments. CONCLUSIONS The best quality wines were achieved by leaving 16 buds m-1 or >32 buds m-1 ; and by trimming shoots to 0.80 m or leaving them untrimmed. The modulation of cultural practices in sprawling canopies offers the potential to produce wines with different styles in hot regions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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叶果比对单高架葡萄园马尔贝克葡萄酒酚类和感官特性的影响

背景技术单高线（SHW）系统是一种适用于温暖到炎热气候的免费树冠格架系统。在全球变暖的情况下，它作为一种技术解决方案出现，因为它可以防止浆果过热和晒伤。冠层管理实践操纵叶与果的比例，影响浆果和葡萄酒的成分。我们旨在评估来自门多萨（阿根廷）炎热地区的 SHW 棚架葡萄园的马尔贝克葡萄酒的酚类和感官特征；并评估不同的叶果比对这些属性的影响。我们通过改变枝条修剪（实验 1: 0.45, 0.80 m 和不修剪）和冬季修剪的严重程度（实验 2: 16, 24, 32 和 > 32 个可数芽 m-1）来操纵叶果比。我们通过描述性分析来表征葡萄酒属性，CIELAB 空间的颜色，通过 HPLC-DAD 分析全球酚类化合物和花青素。结果我们发现，与 0.45 m 的葡萄酒相比，0.80 m 和未修剪的葡萄酒具有相似且更高的颜色强度、更高的紫罗兰色、涩味、酒精和更丰富的香气特征。同时，16 和 >32 芽 m-1（模拟盒式修剪）的葡萄酒在它们之间相似，并且比其他修剪处理具有更高的颜色强度、紫色色调、酸度、酒精、涩味和更复杂的香气特征. 结论 保留 16 个芽 m-1 或 >32 个芽 m-1 可以获得最优质的葡萄酒；并通过修剪枝条到 0.80 m 或不修剪它们。广阔的檐篷中文化习俗的调整为在炎热地区生产不同风格的葡萄酒提供了潜力。本文受版权保护。版权所有。