Li metal, possessing advantages of high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential, is regarded as the most promising anode material for next-generation batteries. However, despite decades of intensive research, its practical application is still hindered by safety hazard and low Coulombic efficiency, which is primarily caused by dendritic Li deposition. To address this issue, restraining dendrite growth at the nucleation stage is deemed as the most effective method. By utilizing the difference of electronegativity between boron atoms and carbon atoms, carbon atoms around boron atoms in boron-doped graphene (BG) turn into lithiophilic sites, which can enhance the adsorption capacity to Li⁺ at the nucleation stage. Consequently, an ultralow overpotential of 10 mV at a current density of 0.5 mA/cm² and a high average Coulombic efficiency of 98.54% over more than 140 cycles with an areal capacity of 2 mAh/cm² at a current density of 1 mA/cm² were achieved. BG-Li|LiFePO₄ full cells delivered a long lifespan of 480 cycles at 0.5 C and excellent rate capability. This work provides a novel method for rational design of dendrite-free Li metal batteries by regulating nucleation process.

具有高理论比容量和低电化学势的优点的锂金属被认为是下一代电池最有希望的负极材料。但是，尽管进行了数十年的深入研究，但是其安全隐患和库仑效率低（主要是由树枝状Li沉积引起）仍然阻碍了其实际应用。为了解决这个问题，在成核阶段抑制枝晶生长被认为是最有效的方法。通过利用硼原子与碳原子之间的负电性差异，掺硼石墨烯（BG）中硼原子周围的碳原子变成亲硫性位点，从而增强了对Li ⁺的吸附能力。在成核阶段。因此，在超过140个循环中，电流密度为0.5 mA / cm ^2时，超低过电势为10 mV，平均库仑效率为98.54％，在电流密度为1 mA / cm2时，其单位面积容量为2 mAh / cm ²。达到² cm 。BG-Li | LiFePO4 _4个全电池在0.5 C的温度下具有480个循环的长寿命，并且具有出色的倍率能力。这项工作为通过调节成核过程合理设计无枝晶锂金属电池提供了一种新方法。