BHJ OPVs have made significant progress due to the development of active layer materials and the improvements in device technology. PDIs as star acceptors in BHJ OPVs have been attracting much attention owing to strong absorption in the visible region, tunable energy level, high electron mobility and excellent stability. However, several shortcomings such as unsatisfactory solubility, large π-conjugated system and excessive self-aggregation hinder the developments of PDI monomer. In order to overcome the above disadvantages while maintaining the inherent advantages, an effective method is to construct twisted PDI structures by constraining two or more PDI units with a linker or core. To quantify the effects of twisted PDI structures at the microscopic level, it is of great significance to characterize macroscopic factors associated with PCEs. Moreover, some key guidelines for engineering and modifying PDI derivatives are listed, including tuning ΔLUMO and ΔHOMO within limits, keeping rigid or ring-fused PDI derivatives and twisting dihedral angle between PDI units reasonably. This review aims to briefly outline a conformational branch of twisted PDI structures as NF-SMAs, based on the different active positions of PDI unit. Furthermore, it also establishes the relationship of “active position → structure → property → device performance” in order to provide a well-designed strategy of NF-SMAs and further a D/A matching standard.

由于有源层材料的发展和器件技术的改进，BHJ OPV取得了重大进展。由于在可见光区域的强吸收，可调节的能级，高的电子迁移率和出色的稳定性，作为BHJ OPV的星形受体的PDI受到了广泛的关注。但是，溶解性不理想，π共轭体系大，自聚过多等缺点阻碍了PDI单体的发展。为了克服上述缺点同时保持固有优点，一种有效的方法是通过用连接子或核约束两个或更多个PDI单元来构建扭曲的PDI结构。为了在微观水平量化扭曲的PDI结构的影响，表征与PCE相关的宏观因素具有重要意义。此外，还列出了一些工程设计和修改PDI导数的关键准则，包括在限制范围内调整ΔLUMO和ΔHOMO，合理地保持刚性或环状稠合的PDI导数以及合理地扭转PDI单元之​​间的二面角。这篇综述旨在根据PDI单元的不同有效位置，简要概述扭曲的PDI结构的构象分支，如NF-SMA。此外，它还建立了“活动位置→结构→属性→设备性能”的关系，以提供精心设计的NF-SMA策略以及D / A匹配标准。这篇综述旨在根据PDI单元的不同有效位置，简要概述扭曲的PDI结构的构象分支，如NF-SMA。此外，它还建立了“活动位置→结构→属性→设备性能”的关系，以提供精心设计的NF-SMA策略以及D / A匹配标准。这篇综述旨在根据PDI单元的不同有效位置，简要概述扭曲的PDI结构的构象分支，如NF-SMA。此外，它还建立了“活动位置→结构→属性→设备性能”的关系，以提供精心设计的NF-SMA策略以及D / A匹配标准。