Abstract Cucumber (Cucumis sativus, L.) is widely grown in greenhouses in China as an offseason vegetable because of its high yield and economic benefits. Considering that cucumber is sensitive to soil water conditions, optimal irrigation scheduling may further enhance cucumber yields and water productivity. In this study, a 3-season experiment from January 2018 to July 2019 was conducted in a new type of commercial solar greenhouse in North China. Three irrigation treatments with controlled soil matric potentials (SMP) of -10 (T1), -15 (T2) and −20 kPa (T3) were established in drip irrigation plots, and the local practice of furrow irrigation was applied as the control (CK). The cucumber yield and economic benefit for each treatment were measured, and irrigation efficiency (IE), irrigation water productivity (WPI) and total economic, gross margin and net margin irrigation water productivities, referring to TEWPI, GEWPI and NEWPI, respectively, were evaluated. The results show that the fresh cucumber yields of the T1 treatment were the highest and were 2.2%, 4.3 and 4.4% higher than those of T2, T3 and CK, respectively. Similarly, the total revenue from T1 was the highest and was 2.2%-3.9% higher than those from the other three treatments. However, the total yields and revenue among the four treatments were not significantly (p > 0.05) different. The amount of irrigation water used in the CK treatment was the highest and was 126%, 188% and 204% higher than those in the T1, T2 and T3 treatments, respectively. The IEs in T1 to T3 were 1.03-1.38, and were much high than the value of 0.46 in CK, WPI and the three economic irrigation water productivities (TEWPI, GEWPI and NEWPI,) were the highest in T3 and close to those in T2, then followed by T1, and the lowest was found in CK. After fully considering the economic benefits and water productivity, an SMP threshold of -15 ∼ −20 kPa and a wetting depth of 20 cm is recommended for cucumber production in drip-irrigated greenhouses in North China.

中文翻译：

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华北日光温室不同土壤基质势下黄瓜产量、经济效益和水分生产力评价

摘要 黄瓜(Cucumis sativus, L.)因其产量高、经济效益好而作为淡季蔬菜在我国广泛种植。考虑到黄瓜对土壤水分条件敏感，优化灌溉计划可能会进一步提高黄瓜产量和水分生产力。本研究于 2018 年 1 月至 2019 年 7 月在华北新型商业日光温室进行了 3 季试验。在滴灌小区建立了控制土壤基质势（SMP）为-10（T1）、-15（T2）和-20 kPa（T3）的3个灌溉处理，并以当地沟灌实践作为对照（ CK）。测量了每个处理的黄瓜产量和经济效益，以及灌溉效率 (IE)、灌溉水生产力 (WPI) 和总经济、分别参照 TEWPI、GEWPI 和 NEWPI 评估了毛利率和净利润灌溉水生产率。结果表明，T1处理的鲜黄瓜产量最高，分别比T2、T3和CK高2.2%、4.3和4.4%。同样，T1 的总收入最高，比其他三个处理的总收入高 2.2%-3.9%。然而，四种处理之间的总产量和收益没有显着差异（p > 0.05）。CK处理的灌溉用水量最高，分别比T1、T2和T3处理高126%、188%和204%。T1-T3 的 IE 为 1.03-1.38，远高于 CK、WPI 和三个经济灌溉水生产率（TEWPI、GEWPI 和 NEWPI，) 在 T3 中最高，与 T2 接近，其次是 T1，最低出现在 CK。在充分考虑经济效益和水分生产力的基础上，建议华北地区滴灌温室黄瓜生产的 SMP 阈值为 -15 ∼ -20 kPa，润湿深度为 20 cm。