In motor skill learning, larger doses of practice lead to greater efficacy of practice, lower efficiency of practice, and better long-term retention. Whether such learning principles apply to motor practice after stroke is unclear. Here, we developed novel mixed-effects models of the change in the perceived quality of arm movements during and following task practice. The models were fitted to data from a recent randomized controlled trial of the effect of dose of task practice in chronic stroke. Analysis of the models’ learning and retention rates demonstrated an increase in efficacy of practice with greater doses, a decrease in efficiency of practice with both additional dosages and additional bouts of training, and fast initial decay following practice. Two additional effects modulated retention: a positive “self-practice” effect, and a negative effect of dose. Our results further suggest that for patients with sufficient arm use post-practice, self-practice will further improve use.

中文翻译：

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慢性卒中任务实践的效率、效力和保留

在运动技能学习中，更大剂量的练习导致更大的练习效果，更低的练习效率和更好的长期保留。这种学习原则是否适用于中风后的运动练习尚不清楚。在这里，我们开发了新的混合效应模型，用于在任务练习期间和之后的手臂运动感知质量的变化。这些模型适用于最近一项关于任务练习剂量对慢性中风影响的随机对照试验的数据。对模型的学习率和保留率的分析表明，随着剂量的增加，练习效率会提高，随着额外剂量和额外训练次数的增加，练习效率会降低，并且练习后的初始衰减速度很快。两个额外的影响调节保留：积极的“自我练习”效果，和剂量的负面影响。我们的结果进一步表明，对于练习后有足够手臂使用的患者，自我练习将进一步改善使用。