Physical forces regulate numerous biological processes during development, physiology, and pathology. Forces between the external environment and intracellular actin cytoskeleton are primarily transmitted through integrin‐containing focal adhesions and cadherin‐containing adherens junctions. Crosstalk between these complexes is well established and modulates the mechanical landscape of the cell. However, integrins and cadherins constitute large families of adhesion receptors and form multiple complexes by interacting with different ligands, adaptor proteins, and cytoskeletal filaments. Recent findings indicate that integrin‐containing hemidesmosomes oppose force transduction and traction force generation by focal adhesions. The cytolinker plectin mediates this crosstalk by coupling intermediate filaments to the actin cytoskeleton. Similarly, cadherins in desmosomes might modulate force generation by adherens junctions. Moreover, mechanotransduction can be influenced by podosomes, clathrin lattices, and tetraspanin‐enriched microdomains. This review discusses mechanotransduction by multiple integrin‐ and cadherin‐based cell adhesion complexes, which together with the associated cytoskeleton form an integrated network that allows cells to sense, process, and respond to their physical environment.

中文翻译：

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细胞粘附复合物在机械转导调节中的串扰。

物理力在发育、生理和病理过程中调节许多生物过程。外部环境和细胞内肌动蛋白细胞骨架之间的力主要通过含有整合素的粘着斑和含有钙粘蛋白的粘附连接传递。这些复合物之间的串扰已经很好地建立并调节细胞的机械景观。然而，整合素和钙粘蛋白构成粘附受体的大家族，并通过与不同的配体、衔接蛋白和细胞骨架细丝相互作用形成多种复合物。最近的研究结果表明，含有整合素的半桥粒反对通过粘着斑产生的力转导和牵引力。细胞接头 plectin 通过将中间丝耦合到肌动蛋白细胞骨架来介导这种串扰。同样，桥粒中的钙粘蛋白可能通过粘附连接调节力的产生。此外，机械转导会受到足小体、网格蛋白晶格和富含四跨膜蛋白的微区的影响。本综述讨论了多种基于整合素和钙粘蛋白的细胞粘附复合物的机械转导，这些复合物与相关的细胞骨架一起形成了一个整合网络，使细胞能够感知、处理和响应其物理环境。