An ultrafast synthesis method is proposed for a boron and nitrogen co-doped porous carbon using biomass material as a precursor through a combination of a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method (MHT) followed by a pyrolysis process. Compared with a conventional hydrothermal carbonization method (HTC), the MHT method exhibits unparalleled advantages, such as a high energy efficiency and a uniform and ultrafast reaction. The pore structure, elemental composition and electrochemical performance of the materials from the two methods were studied and compared. The results showed that when water was used as the solvent, a porous texture with a surface area of 823 m² g⁻¹ was obtained by the HTC after 24 h; in contrast, a similar surface area of 813 m² g⁻¹ could be easily obtained in only 20 min with MHT. Furthermore, when boric acid was used as the solvent, MHT-20min-10% presented similar heteroatom (B and N) contents as the HTC sample but with a significantly improved surface area (994 vs. 666 m² g⁻¹) and specific capacitance (120 vs. 106 F g⁻¹) compared to those of HTC-24h-10%. Therefore, compared with the HTC, MHT is an ultrafast synthesis method and also is the best option to obtain high surface area porous carbon materials doped with B and N heteroatoms with suitable pore size distribution, which are beneficial in electrode materials for supercapacitors.

提出了一种以生物质材料为前驱体，通过微波辅助水热法（MHT）和热解法相结合的硼和氮共掺杂多孔碳的超快合成方法。与传统的水热碳化法（HTC）相比，MHT方法具有无与伦比的优势，例如高能源效率和均匀且超快的反应。研究并比较了两种方法的材料的孔结构，元素组成和电化学性能。结果显示，当使用水作为溶剂时，HTC在24小时后获得了表面积为823 m ² g ^-1的多孔质感；相反，类似的表面积为813 m ² g使用MHT仅需20分钟即可轻松获得^-1。此外，当使用硼酸作为溶剂时，MHT-20min-10％的杂原子（B和N）含量与HTC样品相似，但表面积显着提高（994对666 m ² g ^-1）和比表面积与HTC-24h-10％的电容相比（120 vs. 106 F g ^-1）。因此，与HTC相比，MHT是一种超快的合成方法，也是获得掺有具有适当孔径分布的B和N杂原子的高表面积多孔碳材料的最佳选择，这对于超级电容器的电极材料是有益的。