Abstract The official method (i.e., isoelectric focusing, IEF) for the detection of bovine milk in cheeses obtained from ovine, caprine or buffalo milk, according to the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 150/2018, was compared with three techniques: lateral flow immunoassay (LFA), ELISA and real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Samples of milk, cheese and vegetable drinks were analysed as control samples and after artificial contamination with bovine milk at different concentrations. All these assays, except for ELISA, showed a good diagnostic performance able to detect milk adulteration at concentrations lower than 1% of bovine milk in caprine, ovine and buffalo milk. Relative sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of both ELISA and RT-PCR compared with IEF were 100%, whereas for LFA they corresponded to 100%, 62.5% and 72.7%, respectively. A good agreement among ELISA and RT-PCR versus IEF was observed but only a moderate agreement between LFA and IEF.

中文翻译：

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多技术方法检测不同食品基质中未申报的牛奶

摘要 根据委员会实施条例 (EU) 第 150/2018 号，用于检测从绵羊奶、山羊奶或水牛奶中提取的奶酪中的牛奶的官方方法（即等电聚焦，IEF）与三种技术进行了比较：横向流式免疫分析 (LFA)、ELISA 和实时 PCR (RT-PCR)。将牛奶、奶酪和植物饮料样品作为对照样品进行分析，并在用不同浓度的牛奶进行人工污染后进行分析。除 ELISA 外，所有这些检测都显示出良好的诊断性能，能够检测山羊、绵羊和水牛乳中浓度低于 1% 的牛奶掺假。与 IEF 相比，ELISA 和 RT-PCR 的相对灵敏度、特异性和准确度均为 100%，而对于 LFA，它们分别对应于 100%、62.5% 和 72.7%。