BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical developmental stage. A key challenge is to characterize how variation in adolescent brain organization relates to psychosocial and environmental influences. METHODS We used canonical correlation analysis to discover distinct patterns of covariation between measures of brain organization (brain morphometry, intracortical myelination, white matter integrity, and resting-state functional connectivity) and individual, psychosocial, and environmental factors in a nationally representative U.S. sample of 9623 individuals (aged 9-10 years, 49% female) participating in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. RESULTS These analyses identified 14 reliable modes of brain-behavior-environment covariation (canonical rdiscovery = .21 to .49, canonical rtest = .10 to .39, pfalse discovery rate corrected < .0001). Across modes, neighborhood environment, parental characteristics, quality of family life, perinatal history, cardiometabolic health, cognition, and psychopathology had the most consistent and replicable associations with multiple measures of brain organization; positive and negative exposures converged to form patterns of psychosocial advantage or adversity. These showed modality-general, respectively positive or negative, associations with brain structure and function with little evidence of regional specificity. Nested within these cross-modal patterns were more specific associations between prefrontal measures of morphometry, intracortical myelination, and functional connectivity with affective psychopathology, cognition, and family environment. CONCLUSIONS We identified clusters of exposures that showed consistent modality-general associations with global measures of brain organization. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the complex and intertwined influences on brain organization and mental function during development and have the potential to inform public health policies aiming toward interventions to improve mental well-being.

中文翻译：

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青少年大脑和认知发育 (ABCD) 研究中大脑-行为-环境关联的多元模式

背景 青春期是一个关键的发展阶段。一个关键的挑战是描述青少年大脑组织的变化如何与社会心理和环境影响相关。方法 我们使用典型相关分析来发现大脑组织测量（大脑形态测量、皮质内髓鞘形成、白质完整性和静息状态功能连接）与具有全国代表性的美国样本中的个体、心理社会和环境因素之间的不同协变模式。 9623 个人（9-10 岁，49% 女性）参与了青少年大脑和认知发展 (ABCD) 研究。结果 这些分析确定了 14 种可靠的大脑-行为-环境协变模式（规范 rdiscovery = .21 至 .49，规范 rtest = .10 至 .39，pfalse 发现率更正 < .0001）。在不同的模式中，邻里环境、父母特征、家庭生活质量、围产期病史、心脏代谢健康、认知和精神病理学与大脑组织的多种测量具有最一致和可复制的关联；正面和负面的暴露融合形成心理社会优势或逆境的模式。这些显示了与大脑结构和功能相关的一般模态，分别是积极或消极的，几乎没有区域特异性的证据。嵌套在这些跨模态模式中的是前额叶形态测量、皮质内髓鞘形成以及与情感精神病理学、认知和家庭环境的功能连接之间更具体的关联。结论我们确定了一组暴露，这些暴露显示出与大脑组织的整体测量一致的模态-一般关联。这些发现强调了了解在发育过程中对大脑组织和心理功能的复杂和相互交织的影响的重要性，并有可能为旨在改善心理健康的干预措施的公共卫生政策提供信息。