Lipids form an integral, structural, and functional part of all life forms. They play a significant role in various cellular processes such as membrane fusion, fission, endocytosis, protein trafficking, and protein functions. Interestingly, recent studies have revealed their more impactful and critical involvement in infectious diseases, starting with the manipulation of the host membrane to facilitate pathogenic entry. Thereafter, pathogens recruit specific host lipids for the maintenance of favorable intracellular niche to augment their survival and proliferation. In this review, we showcase the lipid-mediated host pathogen interplay in context of life-threatening viral and bacterial diseases including the recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. We evaluate the emergent lipid-centric approaches adopted by these pathogens, while delineating the alterations in the composition and organization of the cell membrane within the host, as well as the pathogen. Lastly, crucial nexus points in their interaction landscape for therapeutic interventions are identified.

Graphic Abstract

Lipids act as critical determinants of bacterial and viral pathogenesis by altering the host cell membrane structure and functions.

中文翻译：

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传染病中致病性脂质的各个方面：探索毒性脂质-宿主相互作用及其成药性。

脂质是所有生命形式的组成部分、结构部分和功能部分。它们在各种细胞过程中发挥重要作用，例如膜融合、裂变、内吞作用、蛋白质运输和蛋白质功能。有趣的是，最近的研究揭示了它们在传染病中更具影响力和关键性的参与，首先是操纵宿主膜以促进病原体进入。此后，病原体招募特定的宿主脂质以维持有利的细胞内生态位，以增强其存活和增殖。在这篇综述中，我们展示了脂质介导的宿主病原体在威胁生命的病毒和细菌疾病（包括最近的 SARS-CoV-2 感染）中的相互作用。我们评估了这些病原体采用的新兴以脂质为中心的方法，同时描绘宿主内细胞膜的组成和组织以及病原体的变化。最后，确定了治疗干预交互环境中的关键联系点。

图形摘要

脂质通过改变宿主细胞膜结构和功能作为细菌和病毒发病机制的关键决定因素。