The population of wild boar has rapidly increased over the past decades in many environments. Climate changes, changes in agricultural policy orientation, and, for example, insufficient hunting and predation pressure on the wild boar have made it one of the key species of the 21st century in Europe. Currently, the biggest threat related to the distribution and abundance increasing of wild boar in Europe is their contribution to spreading of African swine fever (ASF) disease. In order to prevent the spread of ASF and its consequences, it is essential to reduce the population of the wild boar to the lowest possible level. The rate of reduction required depends on the initial population size and the population recruitment rate. These are affected, among other factors, by the carrying capacity of the environment, the provision of artificially supplied foods, and feeding at baiting sites, to assist hunting. This study evaluated the reproductive potential of wild boar populations in the Czech Republic, across a range of environmental conditions. The environment significantly affected the physical condition of piglets, yearlings, and adult sows. In lower-quality environments, piglets entered puberty earlier than in higher-quality environments. Pregnancy has been reported in piglets from the age of 7 months. The average litter size was 4.08 for piglets, 5.83 for yearlings, and 7.01 for adult sows. The sex ratio of piglets was affected by the body condition of the mother. The reproductive potential of the current Central European wild boar population is high. This study showed that approximately 95% of females will be impregnated during the non-vegetative season. An average increment of 5 piglets per female, or 3 piglets per wild boar who survived the winter, can be expected.

中文翻译：

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中欧自由生活野猪的繁殖潜力

在过去的几十年中，许多环境中的野猪数量迅速增加。气候变化，农业政策取向的变化，例如野猪的狩猎和捕食压力不足，使其成为欧洲21世纪的主要物种之一。当前，与欧洲野猪的分布和数量增加有关的最大威胁是它们对非洲猪瘟（ASF）疾病传播的贡献。为了防止ASF的扩散及其后果，必须将野猪的种群减少到尽可能低的水平。所需的减少率取决于最初的人口规模和人口招募率。这些因素除其他因素外，还受到环境承载力的影响，提供人工提供的食物，并在诱饵场觅食，以帮助狩猎。这项研究评估了捷克共和国在各种环境条件下野猪种群的繁殖潜力。环境严重影响了仔猪，一岁和成年母猪的身体状况。在低质量的环境中，仔猪比高质量的环境更早进入青春期。据报道，仔猪从7个月大开始怀孕。仔猪的平均产仔数为4.08，一岁仔猪为5.​​83，成年母猪为7.01。仔猪的性别比例受母亲身体状况的影响。当前中欧野猪种群的繁殖潜力很高。这项研究表明，在非营养季节，大约95％的女性将被浸渍。可以预期每只雌性平均增加5头小猪，或每只野猪在冬季幸存的平均增加3头小猪。