Legumes deliver unique functions that are complementary to those of other groups of species (cereals and oil-rich crops), providing many ecosystem services related to nitrogen. However, the choice of grain legumes according to their ability to provide these ecosystem services remains difficult due to a lack of references for a variety of species. During two legume – wheat successions established between 2014 and 2017, five nitrogen pools were measured, and considered as proxies of nitrogen functions supporting ecosystem services and dis-services. Nitrogen pools were analyzed together with several of their explanatory shoot and root characteristics (i.e. plant traits and properties). For the first time, a wide range of grain legumes could be characterized by their contrasted functional profiles relative to nitrogen. For each species, synergies and trade-offs between the different nitrogen functions were highlighted and related to the explanatory plant characteristics. Shoot and root characteristics explained 76.1% of the variability of nitrogen functions among legumes species. Chickpea, common bean, and soybean had high capacity to take up soil nitrogen during their growth cycles, reducing the risk of nitrogen losses after their harvest. These species were characterized by a high root lateral expansion rate and their capacity to invest a large proportion of belowground biomass in nodules. Conversely, common vetch, faba bean, lentil, pea and Narbonne vetch, were less able to take up soil nitrogen, with higher risks of nitrogen losses, but these species induced high amounts of nitrogen in the following wheat crop and were characterized by high crop residue nitrogen concentration. Larger amounts of nitrogen fixed and exported in seeds were measured for species characterized by high shoot dry matter, high nitrogen harvest index, high seed nitrogen concentration, and large seeds. Hence, this study should facilitate the selection of legume species according to the expected objectives.

中文翻译：

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在谷物豆科植物中提供与氮有关的生态系统服务对比

豆科植物具有独特的功能，可与其他物种（谷物和富含油料的农作物）相辅相成，提供许多与氮有关的生态系统服务。但是，由于缺乏对各种物种的参考，根据其提供这些生态系统服务的能力选择豆类作物仍然很困难。在2014年至2017年建立的两个豆科植物-小麦演替中，测量了五个氮库，并被视为支持生态系统服务和服务的氮功能的代理。分析了氮库及其一些解释性的枝条和根部特性（即植物性状和特性）。第一次，广泛的谷物豆科植物可以通过相对于氮的相反功能分布来表征。对于每个物种，强调了不同氮功能之间的协同作用和取舍，并与植物的解释特性有关。茎和根的特性解释了豆科植物物种中氮功能变异的76.1％。鹰嘴豆，普通豆和大豆在其生长周期中吸收土壤氮的能力很高，从而减少了收获后氮素流失的风险。这些物种的特征是高的根侧向膨胀率及其将大量地下生物量投入根瘤中的能力。相反，普通紫etch，蚕豆，小扁豆，豌豆和纳博讷紫etch吸收土壤氮的能力较弱，氮损失的风险较高，但是这些物种在随后的小麦作物中诱导了高含量的氮，其特征是作物残留氮含量高。测定了在种子中固定并输出的大量氮素，其特征在于高茎干物质，高氮收获指数，高种子氮浓度和大种子。因此，这项研究应有助于根据预期目标选择豆类。